Marcuses Account of the Features and Significance of True and False N E

     Modern capitalist purchase order is the target of puckish criticism in Herbert Marcuses book, One-Dimensional Man. As one would hope, Marcuses intent is not merely to point out the shortcomings of the present system. He further hopes to support compound in the most basic features of society, and with the intent to effect change arises the question of what goals the proposed change is directed towards. Primary among his goals is the " victimisation and satisfaction of charitable of necessity and faculties" (xliii). Which of the wide range of clement faculties argon worthy of training? This question obviously requires value judgments to be made any solution will be highly subjective or very complex, and probably both subjective and complex. Instead, this paper will focus on the se squirtt problem raised by Marcuses goal the identification of human necessarily to be satisfied. In particular, we will examine his own standards for determining what human needs must be satisfied by a sharp-witted society.     Marcuse assumes that not all of what have been called "needs" at one clock time or another are real necessities that a rational society need consider. Certain "vital needs" are beyond doubt, however. Those are the needs of human biology without which life cannot continue, and such needs front clearly to be objectively determined by biological factors. The snub misery that infects human life when adequate food, water, and protection from the elements are not useable in itself would seem to give sufficient reason for a rational society to concern itself first with providing everyone with those bare necessities.      It is generally taken for granted that human beings have needs beyond the mere sustentation of biological life. Some of those proposed needs border on the biological, such as "the need for health care." At the other extreme are needs with n o physical component at all, such as "the needs for spiritual sustenance." How does Marcuse propose we evaluate these less objectively evident contenders? Overall, he takes an attitude of skepticism towards them. Marcuse writes that "human needs, beyond the biological level, have constantly been preconditioned" (4). The key concept in this sentence is "conditioned" the conceit of needs of this type are th... ...would rather eliminate upon reflection. For example, one can easily imagine someone realizing that her desire for Gap pants originated in advertisements, and deciding that she did not want this need impressed on her by the advertising industry. This incremental elimination of false needs would go at least partway towards Marcuses ideal of liberation through the consciousness of ones own servitude. The resources freed up by individuals abandonment of unwanted false needs could then be used towards satisfying the vital needs of others. This result is less complete of an improvement than Marcuse is arguing for however, it is probably the greatest shift in individuals predilection of their own needs that can be accomplished given the inherently social nature of non-physical needs. Even with its ambitions diminished in this way, Marcuses consideration of true and false needs shows how there is room for movement toward "the optimal developmentof all individuals, under the optimal utilization of the material and intellectual resources available to man" (6).All citations from     Marcuse, Herbert. One-Dimensional Man. Boston Beacon Press, 1964.