Business - Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business - Decision Making - Essay ExampleFor example, the depreciation in the value of a car as succession passes and the distance it is driven is done by simple regression. But this shell of situation r arly exists since there are many complex factors or variables that exist in the satisfying world. If we want to calculate the future earning of a person taking only his years in school is simple regression, but it is not accurate since other factors like age, qualification, industry, experience are not interpreted into account. If we take all these factors into account the situation becomes more complex and hence multiple regressions would have to be used.Linear regression is used in similar circumstances as a simple regression. A relationship between height and weight of adults can be presented in a linear regression. The high and weights are marked on a graph and a straight line is drawn by the middle.On the other hand nonlinear regression (NLREG) is used in more complex sit uations. NLREG is a powerful statistical analysis program that performs linear and nonlinear regression analysis, surface and curve fitting. (NLREG). afterwards the taking over of Company W, WidgeCorp is supposed to be one of the leading industries under marketing of raciness foods and beverages. Their style of management and business decision-making was different from the connection W.The WidgeCoThe WidgeCorp wanted their employees to collect relevant informations by doing statistical analysis and make use of the information gathered for decision making and further action, unlike the company W which actually relied on experience and judgment of their managers. (Problem, 2008). By the next year, within the industry, the sale of snacks and coolness beverages are supposed to be the largest product segments, and these 2 categories will become driving force of the industry.The bleak beverages are acquiring space in almost all shops with a high proportion in hotel groups and restaura nts.Cold storage machines grew at an even more impressive 42% in 1999, with this growth glide path at the expense of shelf-stable products.According to the National Restaurant Association, revenues from restaurants as far as cold beverages are concerned are expected to reach $321 billion in 1999. This cold beverages industry is concerned as a large and healthy industry in our economy, and suppliers to this industry are expected to benefit from this growth.The chances of throw out of a industry which is fast moving and innovative which can introduce enhanced products to the restaurants and other necessitous customers stand to gain significant market share in a relatively short time span. The company can market its cold beverages to three distinct market segments including distributors, branded sandwich and juice manufacturers, and end users, whose main focus will be on restaurants and hotels.(Vending services business plan, 1996-2008). According to AC Neilson figures, in the cold beverage industry there has been a continuous increase in gross sales figures. The market saw considerable growth in , rising by 214% in 2002 and 2003, A succeed commissioned by the company Squeeze last year showed that 53% of Irish people wassail fruit juice almost daily.Sales figures intimated that Britain now consumes 2.2 billion

The Blue Spider Program and the reasons for its failure Essay

The Blue Spider Program and the reasons for its failure - move ExampleCould adaptive control system theory be the basis of the theory of agile systems (Alleman, Herding Cats). For the successful forethought of manifold interactions, agility is most certainly needed. The case study presented clearly shows a plethora of complex interactions emerging from the mere fact of the behind-the-scenes deception and lack of communications alone. In most feedback systems, wee deviations in a parameters value from its design value will not cause a occupation in the normal operations of the system, provided these parameters are inside the control loop. If the process parameters vary widely because of environmental changes, then the control system will exhibit unsatisfactory behaviors...To be called adaptive, self-organizing features must exist (Alleman, Herding Cats). We competency ask ourselves what are these features that must exist We shtup name them in a list of three. ac sockledgment of the dynamic characteristics of the process. Decision making establish on the identification of the process. And modification or actuation based on the decisions made (Alleman, Herding Cats). In our notes on the be after, we clearly see that Anderson is never able to get a handle on making leadership decisions based upon his obvious need to modify what he is doing. Does he understand the dynamics of management of the Blue Spider Program development Clearly not. He tries to condense on too much on his own most of the times (researching instead of managing), while at other times there is lack of given information, administrative mistakes. For a PM to really know how to manage what he is doing would require a solid foundation in theory that is barely functional in our present... The Blue Spider Program and the reasons for its failureThe theory of management comprises viewing PM as having a hearty causal association between the actions of management and outcomes of the organization assuming that planned tasks can be put to death by a notification of the start of the task to the executor and maintaining that there is a stock(a) of work performance is thrifty at the output the possible variance between the standard and the measured value is apply for correcting the process so that the standard can be reached (Koskela & Howell). Anderson did not understand the connection between himself and the projects success or failure. Performance standards were notoriously lacking. These and the aforementioned matters would have to be corrected to batten future success. The theory of management comprises viewing PM as having a strong causal connection between the actions of management and outcomes of the organization assuming that planned tasks can be executed by a notification of the start of the task to the executor and maintaining that there is a standard of performance performance is measured at the output the possible variance between the standard and the measure d value is used for correcting the process so that the standard can be reached (Koskela & Howell). Anderson did not understand the connection between himself and the projects success or failure. Performance standards were notoriously lacking. These and the aforementioned matters would have to be corrected to ensure future success.

Report Summary Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Report Summary - Term Paper ExampleThe review is based on this concomitant term and a few other related literature that are relevant to the arguments presented in the article. This floor concludes that sustainable development can only be achieved through low- ascorbic acid economy. Such an economy is slender in sustaining the present and upcoming generation without subjecting them to serious environmental, social, and economic risks that often characterizes high- carbon economy. Introduction The article World Investment Report 2010- Investing in a Low- Carbon Economy was prepared by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in 2010. The report has focused on mixed aspects of coronation across the world such as Global Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), investment policy trends, and how specific sectors play a role in FDI share among other aspects. Particularly, the report has discussed spend in a low- carbon economy. Its focus on low- carbon economy is inf ormed by the accept to have sustainable economic development. This article was developed in the context of emerging impacts of climate variety show that are deemed to be adverse and detrimental to human survival in the long- run. As such, there is lack for solutions in order to counter the implications of climate change impacts and tender sustainable environment for the present and future generations. UNCTAD is a UNs agency and therefore the credibility of this article is unquestionable. The subject of low- carbon economy is rattling important and worth writing because as a society we cannot ignore the impacts of climate change which are so real. The society should be alive to the realities of climate change which threatens the very existence of humans (Sawin and Moomaw 23). That is wherefore writing on measures that are and should be taken to counter one of the greatest challenges currently go about humans is such a noble engagement. This purpose of this report is to focus o n the issues discussed in the article, which is put in the low- carbon economy. The article is comprehensive and covers critical aspects that focus on investing in low- carbon economy. Analytical Summary of Main Arguments The article begins by arguing that Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are part of the paradox and solution to the investment in a low- carbon economy due to the proposition that they can provide low- carbon technology and investment. Indeed, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on low carbon is already grand and its potential is immense. However, carbon leakage is a major business sector to this investment UNCTADA notes in its report that this concern can be addressed at source rather than at the border through shipway such as engaging corporate governance mechanisms (UNCTAD 20). Moreover, investments in low- carbon economy should not come on in haphazard as this may result to high costs and reduced benefits. Therefore, there is charter for policy to be put in pla ce so as to minimize costs and maximize benefits that are linked to attracting low- carbon FDI (Constable 95). Towards this end, UNCTAD makes proposals in the report in regard to global partnership. The proposal is make up of five major components securing contribution of IIAs to mitigation of climate change establishment of strategies that are gear towards promoting clean investment developing an international

The Objective Validity of Certain Moral Values Essay

The Objective Validity of Certain Moral Values - quiz ExampleA woman, for instance, has by rights not to be raped. She is the owner of her body, this is the most intimate item that any person can own, and to suffer sexual assaults or violations is reprehensible. Some have argued, based on diverse cultural values, that a husband ought to be able to rape his wife. A legal arrangement, however, is no example basis for overcoming the clean right that a woman has to protect her own body from unwanted actions. This spotlight can be contrasted with plastered types of justifiable homicide to be sure, there are situations where the killing of another compassionate being may be justified in terms of self-defense. There is no such competing moral value, such as the self-preservation of ones life, in the case of rape. It is wrong in all instances. It is objectively wrong because the right to control the sexual use of ones body is a predominant moral right, and any moral regular prohibi ting the rape of a woman is objectively valid in all situations.Moreover, there are certain ethnic rights which deserve protection in all situations. An ethnic group, for example, has a moral right not to be targeted for genocide. This is to be distinguished from conflicts or wars in which armed combat results in death.

SOCIAL SCIENCE (PATIENT NARRATIVE) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

SOCIAL SCIENCE (PATIENT NARRATIVE) - Essay Examplemodels chronic distempers suffer become much important than the persons who harbor them. However, there have been shifts to models that consider other factors such as social, psychological and environmental in shaping the context of a disease and illness. An example is the bio-psychosocial model which acknowledges that in a disease context, there are many factors such as behaviour and attitude towards the illness, social as good as psychological factors (Engel, 2012). The narratives from the patients are today extensively applied to explore the patient experiences with illness (Charon 2001 Kleinman 1988). focussing of chronic diseases (Huyse, et al., 1999) require a holistic approach where both the patient and the medical team push-down store beliefings and emotional characteristics influencing the educates experienced in the life of the patient. In this assignment, a patients story on his experience with diabetes will be exp lored with an aim to construct the cultural, social and psychological meaning and locate the facts in contemporary theoretical perspectives. The real names and hospital where the patient, whose narrative is to be used in this analysis, was encountered have been altered to comply with the NMC guidelines and policies of confidentiality (NMC, 2008).During my placement this year, a 52 year old man, Mr. Browns, walked into our clinic to seek medical direction on his wanting chronic condition. Mr. Browns showed symptoms such as occasional tiredness. He passed out a lot of urine and was continuously in thirst. He had a huge body size which made him feel more tired. He occasionally complained to be allowed to prostrate on the coach as he conversed or else than sitting as other patients did. Mr. Browns was born in London where he lives to date. These symptoms clearly linked Mr. Browns condition to type 2 diabetes (Blaxter, 1983). Upon further diagnosis, Mr. Browns diabetic condition was fo und to have escalated to almost severe states and inevitable

Hofstede Analysis ( Mexico) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hofstede Analysis ( Mexico) - Essay ExampleIt is, therefore important to make a resemblance between one culture and another. This paper describes the culture of Mexico by using Hofstedes five particular dimensions that include power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, career success/quality of life, and long verge/short term dimensions.Power distance refers to the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations or substructures within a given res publica anticipate and accept that power is unequally distributed (Harorimana 28). This dimension focuses on the fact that all people in all societies are not equal. It, therefore, analyses the attitude of culture with reference to these inequalities amongst us. Using this dimension, Mexico score is 81 patch US score is 40, and this means that it is a hierarchal society (Hofstede & Hofstede 142). With hierarchical structure, it means that Mexicans accept hierarchical order where everyone has a place, which also requires no further justification. Hierarchy within an organization or an institution is perceived to reflect that centralization is popular, inherent qualities exist, and the subordinates are expected to receive orders from their employers, which they should not defy at all costs (Lee Y et. al. 106). Any foreign investor planning to venture into Mexican markets should expect that discordant interferences will characterize daily running of their businesses from the Mexican authorities.This dimension majorly focuses on addressing the extent to which interdependence a society maintains among its people (Harorimana 28). It deals with issues such as whether individuals self-image is defined in terms of We or I. People living in individualist societies are expected to look after themselves and their families only if (Harorimana 28). On the contrary, people living in collectivist societies are supposed to depend on groups, which stool care of them in exchange for commitment

Feedback of Failure festival Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Feedback of Failure festival - Essay ExampleIn the event at Boulder, the theme of the festival was the Value of Failing. In the event, various aspects were on the list, among them they functions of failure in our world. The event tries to point out the things that are masked by success, which failure attempts to unmask. The characters of the show are two dancers, a man, and a woman. The invitation to people to help in the coming up with a different scene towards failure is in the attempt to discuss the role of failure in betterment of human life.In the trailer of the event, there is nonhing to see, depicting the masking that has been brought about by success. People do not think of the impact of failure on ones life, in terms of making him or her better in what they do. The event attempts to widen the scope of view among people of failure as a success booster and motivation to work even harder. The festivals attempt to change the social view of failure helps in maximizing the app reciation of failure in peoples mean solar day to day

Contemporary Employment Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Contemporary Employment Relationship - Essay ExampleEmployment dealings play an important role in the economy of any given country. It is also the main font in the political arena, but what do we understand about employment relations? Ones mind cornerstone ring on unions, issues to do with strikes, not leaving out salaries or mend working atmosphere and maybe friendly terms regarding working condition. Employment relation can slopped a legal binding existing between an employer and an employee. Normally, it occurs when an employee does a task or a dish up guided by specific legal conditions in return for pay or wage (MILLER, & intersection 2013). It is through these relations that the privileges and responsibilities are developed between the employer and employee. Through time memorial, it has been and will always hold on being the main engine behind workers freedom at various workplaces in relation to fond security and labor act. Without employment relationship conditions, application of both social and labor acts may promote to be futile to employees. It contains the main guidelines used in defining the type and degree employers privileges towards his or her employee.Whatever is contained and the outlining of anticipations from both employer and employee, plays a significant role in determining the resilience of the affiliation to employ a lot of force on the agreement. A situation may turn to be contradicting especially when two individuals implicated have a different opinion over an agreement that has been set. This may tot up the need for a psychological contract in a work environment. The psychological contract can be defined as an implicit agreement concerning the employee and employer (ROUSSEAU, D. M., & SCHALK 2000).

Psychopharmacology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychopharmacology - Essay ExampleCOX-2 inhibitors block the action of an enzyme utilise throughout the body to make a large and diverse family of compounds called prostanoids that be involved in rule myriad physiological actions, including inflammation, blood clotting and protection of the stomach lining from the destructive effects of digestive acids (Brown, 2004). Congress is questioning why the FDA didnt force Merck to study Vioxxs heart risk sooner. Merck is facing hundreds of lawsuits and potentially billions of dollars in damages from Vioxx. Pfizer, the makers of celecoxib, which is a rival of Vioxx, have not yet pulled the popular painkiller off the market, although Celebrex also pluss cardiovascular diseases. Celebrex, approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1998 for arthritis pain, has been prescribed to 27 million Americans and is the worlds most widely prescribed arthritis drug (Pfizer cites, 2005).Zoloft, Prozac and Paxil, known as selective serotonin reuptak e inhibitors or SSRIs, atomic number 18 antidepressants and act by enhancing the signals in nerves that transmit messages with serotonin, a neurotransmitter. , which are chemicals that are used to relay and modulate electrical signals between a neuron and another cell, are removed from the synaptic cleft by a process called reuptake. These drugs act on the neurotransmitter serotonin inside the cell by delaying the reuptake process, thereby increasing the serotonergic effect. The regulators at the Food and Drug Administration request that all antidepressant drugs carry a prominent black box warning to alert doctors that the medications increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior among children and adolescents.

Economy through US History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economy through US History - Essay ExampleIn fact, in such economies the countrys economic activities depend entirely on the decisions made by the administration. For market place economies, the supply and pick up curves determine the cast that markets will take. Analysts that advocate for market economies argue that market economies are the best for thriving of successful economies. Market economies also work on the assumption that the political science does not contribute to hearty being of the common citizen. It is the responsibility of the citizens to fix prices for their goods, subsidize industries, as well as authorize quotas. Though majority of the countries are characterized by mixed economies, it is evident that citizens commence incessantly advocated for a chance to regulate their own economies. In as much, market economies are considered the best in the global world, debates keep raging on how much the g everyplacenment has to do in order to have well-organized econ omic operations. Over the years, Americans have been on toes in an attempt to attain a balance mingled with government regulation of the economy and the individuals to make their own economic decisions. This essay shall trace the events and measures that took shape in America to the point whereby individuals were able to make their own economic decisions. In the primordial years, American archives was characterized by less involvement of the government in caper spheres, especially the private sector. The transportation sector is one of the major economic sectors that did not enjoy less government intervention. This phase of the economy was referred to as the laissez faire phase. Kuttner (220) argues that laissez faire traces its roots to the 18th century, a move that strongly resisted intervention of the government in businesses. This phase worked on the assumption of let it be, with championing of proper wages and duties for workers. At this time, it was generally accepted that the government had no role to play in restrictions on trade. The governments role was to ensure that regulations and rules were maintained in the business environment. By 19th century, the notion of laissez faire began transforming. This phase was characterized by small entrepreneurs business owners seeking for government interventions in their businesses. As time progressed, majority of these business owners, labor unions and firms were in a dire posit for government representation. This move came up as a result of rising rate of uncertainties by the business owners on the movements that were supposedly out for their aid. Kuttner (101) argues that it is at this point that this group of progressives needed support by the government, in terms of business regulation, for free and fair markets. By 1930, the advent of the New Deal was taking shape in America. This phase was characterized by government intervention in the market economies. It was due to public demand that the government had to take control of its business sector, lest a new form of rule take over the entire system. It was during this stage that the deposit was going through massive economic disruptions and destructions that led to the need for adjacent action to alleviate the crisis. The state was experiencing what was to be termed as the Great Depression. Murray (76) argues that, at this time the economic state of America was totally dislocated

Central Venous Cather technique in small children Research Paper

Central Venous Cather technique in small children - Research Paper ExampleIn our retrospective cohort paper we theorize a systematic approach aimed at identifying the most able vein perform a pre procedural scan of all the possible site for vein canulation and thereafter choosing the most appropriate in frontier of size and other factors such as collapsibility during respiratory cycle or anatomical anomalies. This systematic approach allowed identifying the brachiocephalic vein as the more suitable for interchange line placement, and along with in plane approach we were able to be successful in degree Celsius% of cases without complication.As published by The Great Ormond Street Hospital for Childrens publications in 2007, the central venous catheter is usually inserted into a neck vein to gain access to the right atrium. It is required to gain an facilitate of access for taking regular blood samples, for administration of medicines in patients undergoing chemotherapy or for giving total p benteral nutrition. It may also be required for administration of anesthetics, peri operative management or long term management of chronic illness. It is also indicated for measurement of central venous pressure.The success of this influence depends upon a emergence of factors including the general condition of the child as described by Grebenik (Grebenik 2004). These include an experienced hand performing the procedure, the site of insertion of cannula, the presence of vascular anomaly, clotting problems or any previous cannulation procedure performed in the past.Because of these all factors, an ultrasound guided technique of central venous catheterization is rapidly becoming a preferable procedure for a central line placement in infants, neonates and children. Ultrasound guided technique has an advantage over the blind procedure for gaining the safest venous access and ensuring a flawless approach.There are certain risk factors associated with this procedure like the risk of infection or thrombosis, which may lead to motley complications

W3 Disc Incentive Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W3 Disc Incentive Programs - Essay theoretical accountling to leave for boot camp as soon as possible, for advanced civilian skills, electing to skirt their enlistment and more (Army Bonus and Incentive Overview, 2010, p. 1). According to Cokins (2009), the three components of an effective bonus system ar as follows (1) involvement of employees (2) setting SMART objectives and (3) recognition of performance of employees according to well-designed standards.As such, after evaluating the incentive program of the U.S. Army, it could be deduced that the three components are duly integrated. For instance, the Partnership for Youth SuccesS (PAYS) ensures future commerce to those who joined the Army through the partner organizations (Partnership for Youth Success (PAYS), n.d.). This program ensures involvement of the members setting objectives of gaining usance after the service and giving due recognition to those who served the Army through the provision of ready employment to partne r organizations.Overall, the U.S. Army has designed effective incentive programs to those who serve their country, through the presence of the three components, as above noted. As such, a continued supply of qualified and competent recruits and soldiers are being highly-developed and maintained with the provision of monetary and non-monetary awards to them and to their family

Handling Data Comparing height and weight for Mayfield High School Essay

Handling Data Comparing line of longitude and numbert for Mayfield High develop - Essay ExampleBut if I kindle turn this into a picture, I can thusly compare the boys data with the girls data.Heights of Boys and GirlsAnd to compare boys and girls, I can put them both on the alike graph.It looks like more boys are taller than girls, which I think is normal. I can do the same for weight. clog of Boys and GirlsAnd to compare the weights of boys and girlsFrom the graph above it search that boys have a weight that is more spread out. Girls appear to be closer together, and dont seem to weigh more than 74 kg. It looks like the boys also weigh more, which makes finger if their taller. angry walk and LeafSince I already grouped all the data, I can record it in stem and leaf diagrams. That way, I can more easily find the median and the mode.Boys HeightStemLeaf oftenness1.302, 221.405, 8, 831.500, 2, 3, 4, 851.600, 2, 5, 5, 751.700, 2, 2, 4, 551.800, 0, 0, 2, 5, 5, 671.900, 122.0001 The mean height is easily lay out by adding up all the high and dividing by 30. Adding up all the heights comes to 50.13, and dividing by 30 gives 1.67m. I can also find the median, which should be amongst the 15th and sixteenth numbers (written in pink), so its 1.685, which rounds to 1.69. And the mode is the number that occurs most frequently, which is 1.80 (in red).Boys WeightStemLeafFrequency3081400, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 7, 88500, 2, 4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 98602, 4, 6, 6, 8, 96700, 2, 2, 34800, 2, 63900I can get the mean, median and mode for boys weights the same way. The mean is the addition of all the weights dissever by 30, which means 1763/30 or 58.767, which rounds to 58.8kg. The median is between the 15th and 16th numbers which is 57.5kg. in that respect are 4 modes 44, 56, 66, and 72.Girls...I can also see that boys tend to be taller than girls. But if I can turn this into a picture, I can then compare the boys data with the girls data.From the graph above it seem that boys have a weight that is more spread out. Girls seem to be closer together, and dont seem to weigh more than 74 kg. It looks like the boys also weigh more, which makes sense if their taller.The mean height is easily found by adding up all the heights and dividing by 30. Adding up all the heights comes to 50.13, and dividing by 30 gives 1.67m. I can also find the median, which should be between the 15th and 16th numbers (written in pink), so its 1.685, which rounds to 1.69. And the mode is the number that occurs most frequently, which is 1.80 (in red).I can get the mean, median and mode for boys weights the same way. The mean is the addition of all the weights divided by 30, which means 1763/30 or 58.767, which rounds to 58.8kg. The median is between the 15th and 16th numbers which is 57.5kg. There are 4 modes 44, 56, 66, and 72.The range that holds the mode for boys and girls is the same in both cases. This is probably because boys height is more spread out than girls. It could also be becau se there is a mistake in the sampling.Since there are more than one mode for boys weight, theres not a push-down store I can so about it.

The Ethicacy of Providing Health Coverage for Inmates While The Essay

The Ethicacy of Providing Health Coverage for Inmates temporary hookup The General Populace Is Offered None - Essay ExampleIn making a judgment and honorable decision concerning this issue, dickens prominent ethical standards can appropriately address them the utilitarian approach and the rights approach. These two can collectively define and explain ethical elements in the subject and could fill the weaknesses posed by each other. Utilitarian approach is fundamental in expressing the view of the common good and in arrival the best possible compromise so that questions from both sides of the ethics divide can be efficaciously and meetly resolved. Meanwhile, the rights approach is important in arguing for and against healthc ar for prisoners because the discussion is, after all, about the ecstasy of human/individual rights. This is significant because acts that respect rights are often universally accepted as ethical. The ethical Issues The health care within the American pris on system is not uniform because each of the federal official and state prisons has its own health care delivery system. However, this does not dispel the fact that medical and health options are available to all prisoners regardless of the system of the prison health care system they belong. many a(prenominal) people raise the point that healthcare for prisoners is unethical because it is expensive and takes a lot from the tax allowanceers money just so criminals can live a healthy life. To digress a little, this question effectively highlights the stakeholders tortuous in the debate the prisoners, the authority, the general populace and the health care practitioner. But the argument is that they do not deserve such a care because they are serving their punishment in the first place. Here, diverge is supposedly a given since convicted criminals are being deprived of certain rights as part of their punishment and rehabilitation. This point is, of course, valid. Beginning in the 1980s, the rising population in the prisons has significantly claimed a significant component part of many states budgets. According to a study by Maddow (2001), the US health care prison personify claim dramatically risen at a faster rate than the rest of the correctional cost and that today prison officials are beset by rising numbers of expensive illnesses such as HIV/AIDS as well as the ever-present threat of Eighth Amendment lawsuits. (p. 191) Two points are being emphasized by critics one, criminals do not deserve healthcare and, secondly, they are not nonrecreational for the care services. These points sometimes also cloud the health care providers judgments. There are instances wherein bias sets in and appropriate and sufficient medical services are withheld. But this is not entirely surprising. One, for instance, can flip over the case cited by Gaines and Miller (2010) summarized below A prisoner, who was convicted for fourteen years because of robbery, has been hospit alized due to his heart ailment. The doctors tell that if the patient did not undergo heart transplant, he would die. Now, the states Department of Corrections have to deal with not only with spending more than $1 million in order to pay for the medical expenses but that it also had to muscle its way in having the prisoner prioritized from among the 4,100 names that are in the national waiting list for a new heart. (p. 499) The above case underscored the

Essay on Distributive Bargaining and Mediation

On Distributive negociate and Mediation - Essay ExampleDistributive bargain is generally referred as negotiation of win and loses in the midst of parties where both the parties attempt to maximize their profit and minimize personal losses. On the other hand, integrative negotiate focuses on developing a win-win situation for both the parties. It is also referred to as interest based negociate as in this negotiation parties collaborate to determine a solution that generate mutual satisfaction. In certain specific situations, other measures of negotiation such as mediation are implemented as well. Mediation is mavin of the well-known processes of alternative dispute stop where dispute resolution is facilitated through experienced leadership of a third party unbiased to the situation (Raiffa, 1982).In this paper, mediation and distributive bargaining have been compared and analyzed as measures of negotiation. The paper also highlights benefits and drawbacks of both the measures in context of conflict resolution and discusses situations where each of these methods is most suitable.It was gathered that a number of scholarly articles on dispute resolution indicates that in the main two kinds of negotiation strategies are adopted in most cases, namely, distributive bargaining and integrative bargaining. The doctrine of distributive bargaining focuses on value claiming and refrains from dividing the pie. There has been a mention of pie in this paper as the concept is often compared to division of pie by most researchers. The distributive bargaining is implied in terms of zip fastener sum approach of economic theory because the process of dividing outcomes of an event under this method of negotiation is inversely exhaustive (Amanatullah, Morris & Curhan, 2008). One of the important aspects of distributive bargaining is that negative correlation is exhibited among interests of aggrieved parties while gain of one party is directly proportional to loss of anothe r. Authors such

Capital Asset Pricing Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Capital Asset Pricing Model - Essay ExampleThe underlying bailiwick associated with CAPM is investors relationship and the advantages which an investor can attain by the application of this model. The investors are linked in ii ways with this technique one is the time value of money and the other is the risk factor mixed in a project. The time value of money can be depicted using the unhazardous (Rf) rate in the formula which can then be compensated with the investors for placing money in each investment after a certain period of time. The risk part of CAPM formula is used for design of risk and calculates only the amount of compensation which any investor can undertake for facing any extra risk. These financials can be calculated using the risk measurement tool i.e. beta, which has the ability to compare the returns of the summation towards the market after a certain period of time having definite market premium. According to the CAPM tool, the judge return of a security cal culated on a portfolio is equal to the rate of a riskless security, which is further raised by including a risk premium. If this is expected return is not able to be ascertained or is not able to even beat the expected return then the requisite return and the investment will not be undertaken. Practical Implementation of CAPM This pricing model which is regarded as CAPM was put forwarded in the year 1960 and since then it is under deep influence of criticisms. The argument of such critics involves scheme that CAPM does not put forward realistic market conditions.

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

A Tale of both Cities by Charles Dickens EssayIn A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, there were devil component parts that have many different personality traits, strengths, and weaknesses. But they also had a few things in car park as substantially. These two characters are Sydney cartonful and Madame Defarge. Although these two characters are alike, they both have different motives.Sydney Carton is a very strong and intelligent man. Fist, Carton presents himself as a drunk, lazy attorney, who feels as though his life has no meaning. Carton professes his love to Lucie Manette, but later on Carton becomes a changed man. He transform into a Christ-like figure. He begins to shoulder his way through life. His goals are positive and lead to his recalled to life, in book the first. Carton only wants to do what he knows will please Lucie, because he wants to die with the familiarity that one human being in the world who thought he was worth something and cared for him. An other character in the book named Stryver, describes Carton as summons, no energy, and purpose. Sydney also describes himself as, like one who died young. The only season in which Cartons motivation kick in is towards the end, when he sacrifices his own life for Charles Darnay because he knows it is what would make Lucie Manette happy.The next character I will describe is Madame Defarge. Madame Defarge is completely motivated as well as Carton is, but Madame Defarge is also driven with revenge. It appears that Madame Defarge goals are only of vengeance. Madame Defarge is self-centered app her goals are reflected roughly herself and her own revenge, which is shown when she says, Tell the wind and fire where to stop not me.

Analysis of the Personality Traits of Steve Jobs Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Personality Traits of Steve Jobs EssaySteve Jobs is arguably one of the most successful CEOs of our times. In his time at Apple and Pixar he has redefined business across the Computing, Music and Mobile communications industries. In spite of being a college dropout he has gone on to become a technology and a business icon.His energy to achieve extraordinary success against big odds makes him an extremely interesting personality to study.Following are his key personality traits.1)CharismaticCharisma refers to the ability of a person to be able to mesmerise and hold the attention of others. Steve Jobs has charisma in good abundance. His talks at the annual Macworld Expo have an attendance akin to that of a rock concert. mass from all over the world flock in to listen to him for hours together as he delivers his notable talks on technology, innovation and Apple products.2)IngeniousIngenious is a rare personality trait that enables an someone to be clever, or iginal and innovative. Prior to the launch of the iPod, the entire industry was looking at desktop publish and the internet as new sources of revenue. Steve Jobs however was among the few who realised that there was latent demand in the MP3 player segment. He followed up on his insight by launching an iPod which had extremely innovative functions and a unique design. The product captured the attention of the world and along with his other innovation iTunes went on to change the focus the world listens to music. Quite clearly he is an ingenious person.3)PersistentPersistence is the ability of a person to develop to his convictions in spite of huge obstacles. With regard to this an early manager of his had commented that Steve never takes no for an answer For him no is only a comma and never a full stop. He will keep feeler back till his objective is achieved. Years later his persistence was in ample display as he stubbornly stood his ground against internal opposition to his unco nventional plan to turnaround Apple.4)UnempatheticEmpathy is the ability of an individual to understand Steve Jobs is known for pushing his employees to extreme limits. He is known for firing his employees often in an worldwide fashion. This shows that he is unempathetic to people around him.

The Michelin Man Essay Example for Free

The Michelin Man EssayThe Michelin Man goes to show that Michelin tires are either considerableer lasting than former(a) brands or it can mean that you as a consumer get to grow old liter ally because all this time, you were able to avoid accidents using the said brand of tires.The Michelin man can also mean that prone the demographics of Americas population, wherein the dominant age bracket belongs to the ages between 18 years old and over, constituting 227,719,000 as of 2007. Looking at Michelin USAs present website, one can get an exact get along with regards to the evolution of the Michelin Man, the website states that the Michelin Man was evolving given the period and current tire innovations so as to always stop in phase with his time. The slogan on the other hand, is pretty much timeless, so there seems to be no need, in the part of the company, to change it.The 2009 BMW M3 has been issued a recall last November 14, 2008 specifically the ones with an optional prongy clutch transmission. The problem occurs when the vehicle enters a situation of rapid vehicle deceleration the transmission package has a chance of performing a multistage downshift, causing the engine to stall and increases the risk of a crash. The proposed ancestor will be the reprogramming of the engine and transmission electronic control unit with updates on the software, free of charge.I am not aware of this recall, due to the fact that it was not pretty much made as public as other problems, but if given the resources, and the fix can be done in a short amount of time, I will still get myself a 2009 M3 because I myself feel for a fact that BMW is fast in fixing vehicles that suffer recalls, plus the BMW brand seldom suffers long lasting problems due to their dedication in giving the best to their customers.BibliographyMichelin USA. The Michelin Man the living tire. Michelin. Retrieved March 23, 2009, fromhttp//www.michelin.com/ somatic/front/templates/affich.jsp?codeRubrique =99lang=ENUnited States Census. Resident population by age and sex 1980 to 2007. Census. RetrievedMarch 23, 2009, from http//www.census.gov/compendia/statab/tables/09s0007.pdf repel Trend. 2009 BMW M3 recalls. Motor Trend. Retrieved March 23, 2009, fromhttp//www.motortrend.com/cars/2009/bmw/m3/recalls/index.html

A History of Greece Essay Example for Free

A recital of Greece EssayWestern Civilization owes much of its discipline to Grecian history beca use up most of the current principles and knowledge of man was derived from this antediluvian patriarch culture. The foundations of mathematics, science, medicine, philosophy, politics and nonwithstanding the diametrical processs of art nowa geezerhood were start established long before Christ was born in these Mediterranean islands. The Bronze Age (3000 BCE to 1100 BCE) Bronze became a heavily used metal in Greece during 3000 B. C. It was used to call different tools and ancient battle weapons that were all part of classical daily life. The three expectant civilizations that argon worth studying were born on different parts of Greece. The Minoans settled on Crete at rough 2600 B. C. This residential district got its name from Minos, a legendary son of Zeus, who ruled Crete and rid it of sea pirates (Minos, 2007). By the course of study 2000 B. C. , these people were able to establish a very dynamic community life marked by favorable trade activities that sufficeed make its citizens rich. The people of Minoa became known for their palaces and socio-economic political organization. The first evidence of Greek written material called Linear A, came from this period.There remain specific evidences that Minoans held great except peaceful influence over the islands of the Aegean despite being naval conquerors. At somewhat 1500 B. C. , records seem to imply that a volcano on Santorini erupted which caused major earthquake and huge tidal waves that could have wiped unwrap the Minoan civilization (Greeka, n. d. ). Mycaenaeans, a nonher community evidenced to have come from the north in more than or less 2000 B. C. , settled on the main island and became the pith of trade after the reign of the Minoans.The previous centuries records show that these two civilizations had a complex relation move in that it had strong business connections to each ot her but were also competing in their dominance of the Mediterranean. However, with the sudden fade of the Minoan civilization, the Mycenaeans became the trade hub during the 1400 B. C. to 1200 B. C. with much of the Minoan cultural tradition transferred to the main island (Mycenaean Civilization, 2007). Some of their differences with the Minoans, however, were shown through their use of armors in battles and better fortified territories.Mycenaeans be also noted for their beards. The people of Mycenaea chose to live in littler units or kingdoms but were united by one dialect. The story of the Trojan warfare seems to be found on some facts between the Mycenaeans and the inhabitants of the Troad, or Troas, in Anatolia which is now Turkey (Trojan War, 2007). There are indications that when Troad was afflict by a terrible fire, the Mycenaeans wanted to conquer the urban center. The greatness of Mycenaean community ended at around 1200 B. C. when crops began to fail and famine gripp ed Greece (Ancient Greeks, n.d. ), This caused peasant rebellions and internal warfare (Greeka, n. d. ). The Cycladic community began in the different isles of the Aegean which were in the middle of Crete and mainland Greece. The Cyclade area was a vital location because it was the Greeces business connection to the easiness of Europe and Asia from which the Greeks learned many of their agricultural practices. This time period was characterized by a very tight growth in population and very dynamic develop ment in all aspects of society.Sculpture employ marble and pottery were popular art forms during this period in this area of Greece. The Dark Ages (1100 B. C. to 800 B. C. ) The Dark Ages are called so because little evidence could indicate what happened during this time frame. There are some findings that Dorians, a Greek-speaking common people from the North, may have caused the decline of Mycenaean civilization. The Dorians kept power entirely to themselves, creating a ruling armament class which they solely occupied (Dorian, 2007).It seems that the centralized systems were broken and that monarchies dominated the political structure. This periods probative contribution to Greek history, however, seems to show that it was at this time when Homer wrote the Iliad which included the epic of the Trojan War (Greeka, n. d. ). Archaic Period (800B. C. to 500 B. C. ) During the Archaic Period, Aristocratic Republics replaced the political structure of Greek civilization and unusual influence abound. It is during this time that human and mythological figures began to appear in different art forms.The first prodigious game was held in 776 B. C. wherein a cook named Koroibas win the 600 foot race called stadion (The Games, n. d. ). These festivals were held for the God on wad Olympus, Zeus. People felt that Greece at his point in time, was overpopulated and began to migrate to other European territories bringing with them their advance culture. Coins became a currency at around 600 B. C. (Ancient Greek Civilizations, 2003) due to the influence of traders from Asia Minor where the first impress was supposedly do. Panathenaic festivals became popular sometime in 566 B.C. This very important occasion celebrated for numerous days sometime between July and August, supposedly genus Athenes birthday, was well-anticipated because anyone can join except for knuckle downs. It consisted of contests, processions and sacrifices (The Panathenaic Festival, n. d. ). Democracy other very significant contribution of this period is the birth of democracy in Athens at around 508 B. C. There were two types of people in Greece. Men who were born in the city they resided in were called citizens age all other individuals are considered non-citizens.Only citizens have the choice of politicians and vote in plebiscites. There were stupendous conventions called The Assembly that must be attended by at least 6, 000 citizens before it was considered official generous to be heard by the government. This meeting was done regularly wherein citizens may address their concerns regarding laws that undeniable to be implemented. A body of law-makers called Council was made up of 500 citizens which was changed annually. The members held the task of making new laws and debated on how these could be surmount implemented. Life in GreeceThere was an agora in the middle of each Greek city (Ancient Greeks, n. d. ) which was sort of equivalent a town square wherein merchants can trade their various goods whether innate or foreign. This was the center of commerce wherein anyone, even foreigners, was supplyed to buy what they wanted. It was also where men may hang out to with friends, know the latest political announcement or trade views with foreigners. Very few women could be seen in the agora and they were mostly fe virile slaves who have been move by their rich masters to shop for securities indus effort goods.The most important infrastructu re of the city were built around the agora. Because of the hot climate, Greeks prefer to wear decrease clothes which are evidenced on the carvings that present-day archeologists have been able to study. Depending on the warmth, some men even prefer to wear notwithstanding their loincloth. During cold weather, they place a cloak over their rule clothes which are tunics or chitons square shaped textile that are held at the shoulders using pins and around the waist by belts (Ancient Greeks, n. d. ).Women often wore a fancier shorter version called a peplos that was worn on top of the chiton. To take off boredom, these tunics were usually dyed and embroidered according to tastes. Protection for the feet was usually used when outdoors of the house and these came in the form of sandals and leather boots. Brooches and pins were necessary jewelry to fasten their chitons. The women adored every form of jewelry. The wealthy females also used make-up and allowed their slaves to fix their hair according to what was in fashion. At around 500 B. C. , men saw it fashionable to wear beards and short hair styles.Greek women family members usually divided the tasks of cooking but the wealthier ones could hire slaves to handle the responsibility. The diet was a merry mixture of fruits and ve sop upables during the summer and modify versions during the come afterter. Sometimes, the families are able to store replete fruit and make cheeses in summer months which could be enough to tide them over the winter. Those who were near the sea enjoyed its produce as long as the weather permitted a catch. Meat was considered to be an expensive food and the poor of society cannot afford it.When occasions do allow the impoverished to eat meat, they take advantage of the situation to eat every edible parteven the brains. The Role of Women in Greece Women enjoyed very little freedom in Greek society. Only wealthy women were allowed to get music or writing lessons at home. Only the ric h seven year old boys were sent to the gymnasium (school) and returned after eight years to wait for another three years to become citizens. However, misss were not allowed to get education outside of the confines of her house. Much of a girls knowledge in music, dancing, cooking and weaving are imparted by their mothers.They were expected to follow whatever their husbands or fathers asked. A girl can get married even when she is just fifteen years old and is expected not to go back to her former home anymore. It is the wifes responsibility to run the chores of the house and experience the good services of the slaves. Because the streets were considered unsafe, most women are tied down to spend most of their time at home. Every now and then, the husband may give the woman a reprieve from boredom by taking her to the theater or allowing her to be accompanied outside the house by a male servant.Aside from doing housework, women made the clothes, blankets and whatever textile needs o f their families. They also were expected to prepare the food needed for winter. How the Gods Influenced Greece The Greeks believed in many paragons and built temples for each one. Each god was powerful up to a authorized extent depending on what they ruled on Poseidon was the god of the Sea, Hades ruled the underworld, Hera was the goddess of youth, Aris was the god of war, Athena was the goddess of wisdom, Apollo was the god of truth, and many more.Whenever misfortune beset them, the Greeks believed that these were caused by the gods anger. The temples were usually constructed on hilltops to show that the god or goddess was defend their community. The area on which a temple is built is called acropolis. One can tell the riches of the city by looking at its temples. The wealthy ones built their temples using stone and had many different forms of artistic creation to beautify it. Each temple had a huge statue of the god or goddess. Athens built their statue of Athena using ivory and gold (Ancient Greeks, n.d. ). Sacrifice offerings such as food and animals were placed on a table within the temple before the individual pursues to worship his god in the courtyard which had an altar. mental Growth in Greece Although the Greeks attributed most of the occurrences of their daily lives to the activities of the gods, at around 500 B. C. , they began to find out more about the world. Philosophers and many scholars who thirsted for more knowledge regarding mathematics, medicine, astronomy and geography lived during this time.Some of these famous people are Plato, who wrote about politics, Aristotle whose interest led him to discover many information on biology, Parmenides who hypothesized that the world was spherical, Archimedes who invented the Archimedian screw that spiraled irrigation to postgraduate farmlands and Phythagoras who is still popular in the mathematical arena for his right angles. The Abode Most homes in Greece at that time were made of stone or cl ay. There were bungalows and two-storey houses with roofs made of tiles or reeds. The flooring was also made of tiles to ensure the cool temperature inside the houses.These houses were built in the middle of courtyards with walls and a sturdy gate. Altars were not yet found to be in the temples but also within the courtyards of the houses as well. This was where the family members can worship their gods and set out their food and wine as offerings. Wood was the primary element used to make furniture but these can sometimes be accentuated with ivory and different metals. More families lived in the rural areas compared to the cities wherein the rich usually prefer to reside. The wealthy may have residences in the city while their servants take the responsibility of maintaining their countryside homes.The poorer farmers had the function of the children to do the agricultural chores such as herding sheep and goats or ploughing the fields. Crops like grapes and olives grew well in th e bumpy land but wheat to make bread had to be bought from Egyptians. These grapes either became raisins or wine while the olives became oil or pickles. Farmers also took care of farm animals because they are excellent sources of basic needs like clothing, milk and meat. The Iranian Wars The Persian Wars began to affect Greek life in 490 BC, with a Persian intrusion in Greece led by Darius the Great of Thrace (History of Ancient Greece, n.d. ). Darius regular army was almost crushed by his first attempt to conquer the Danube if not for the Ionian Greeks who were his allies at that time. However, this made the Ionians realize that they should rebel from the imperium and they asked for the support of the other city-states to go against Persia. This started the popularly known Ionian Revolt. Only the Athenians gave ships to the effort and were able to win the war. The Persians proudly retaliated, recaptured their supremacy in the battle of Lade in 494 B. C. and destroyed the city of Miletus by massacring or enslaving the inhabitants (Setzer, n.d. ). Angered by the Athenian bravado, Darius sought to battle on mainland Greece at around 492 B. C. but the ship that held his army became badly hit by a storm. Another fleet was sent and this time, Eretria was completely destroyed. The following(a) target was Athens and the army went onshore at Marathon which led towards Athens. The Athenians tried to ask Spartans for help but due to a religious festival, the Spartans were detained, and the 10,000 Athenians had to face the Persians aided only by 1,000 men from battle of Plataea (Greco-Persian Wars, 2007).However, the Athenians under the leadership of ten generals including Miltiades, were able to block this attempt which made the Persians retreat and reorganize to try and beleaguer from the Saronic Belf. They were surprised to find the Athenian army back in their territory and ready to push them again. The Persians went back to Asia Minor, defeated. A runner was se nt to Athens to deliver the good news and this was how the Marathon break away got its name (The Persian War, n. d. ). After a decade from the first attempt of invasion, Darius son, Xerxes took the throne of Persian emperor and wanted to target Greece.His strategy involved less violence because instead of attacking head on, he decided it would be best to send envoys to start negotiating with the different cities to surrender without battle. He constructed a duad at Hellespont and ensured that a canal was dug across the isthmus to protect his army from storms while rounding error the Cape of Mount Athos (Setzer, n. d. ). He collected his troops from every satrapy (territory within the Persian Empire) which numbered about 150,000 of the best soldiers from Persia and Mede while his naval fleet had about 1200 ships that were prepared against an estimated 300 brave warriors from Athens and Sparta.The large army of the Persians resulted to a slower pace in their attack and this gave th e Greeks a chance to plan out their defensive structure (Greco-Persian Wars, 2007). The different cities of Greece held a meeting to plan their defense which resulted to the delegation of the army to Sparta while Athens was in-charge of the dark blue blue fleet under Themistocles, an Athenian statesman (Kreis, 2006). They also consulted the Delphic Oracle. The oracle of Delphi was at Mount Parnassus where a Pythia (woman supposedly used by the God Apollo as his medium) could be asked to predict answers to their questions (Roach, 2001).The Pythia foretold that they would lose the battle and that their only chance of success was through a woody wall. There were so many interpretations that could mean wooden wall but in the end, the Athenians took it to imply that the wooden walls were their ships. The Spartans suggested that the only way to position themselves well against the great army of Persia was by blocking them at the Isthmus of Corinth. The Athenians and authorities from C entral Greece did not agree because their territories leave be pillaged by the Persians before they reach the Isthmus of Corinth.However, Evaenetus, commander of the 10,000 Hoplites who decided to help Greece concur with Sparta and so the minute number of soldiers repositioned themselves at the Isthmus of Corinth. The Spartans and Hoplites were at an advantageous position in battle of Thermopylae until a traitorous Greek led a Persian force through the hills to the rear of the Greek forces (Kreis, 2006) for a surprise attack that led to a massacre. On the naval side, the Athenians left their city which allowed the Persians to trim back it.Themistocles know that battling with the Persians in the open sea will make them lose because of their minute number. He realized that the only way to win against the Persians was to turn their large army into their own handicap. This he did in the strife of Salamis a very narrow strait between Athens and the Island of Salamis. He sent his be st slave to Xerxes to tell him that the Greek navy was retreating to the Isthmus of Corinth to form a combined force with the army (Moerbeek, 1998). He tricked Xerxes by sending a misleading message that the time of the Persian army to attack was at hand.Xerxes then allowed his unsuspecting contingent to enter the strait between Athens and the island of Salamis where a surprise attack by the Greeks was waiting for them. This caused the eventual defeat of the Persians. By 479 B. C. , the Greek forces had all conquered the Persian army and navy (Kreis, 2006). Conclusion The fast paced development of civilization owes its foundations to the very intelligent and industrious Greeks. Every aspect of new-fashioned day life has its roots on Ancient Greek mathematics, logic, philosophy, science, art and even politics. Wars were intelligently won through cunning minds and not annihilating weaponry.Our modern world can truly learn so much just by looking at its past. References Ancient Greek Civilizations. (2003). In Minnesota put in University Mankato Online. Retrieved June 11, 2007, from http//www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/prehistory/aegean/timeline. html Ancient Greeks. (n. d. ). In Anglia Campus Online. Retrieved June 11, 2007, from http//www. angliacampus. com/public/pri/history/greeks/index. htm Dorian. (2007). In Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 12, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online http//www. eb. comone hundred eighty/cgi-bin/g? DocF=micro/175/77. html Greco-Persian Wars. (2007).In Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 12, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online http//www. britannica. com/ebc/article-9037907 Greeka. (n. d. ). Greece History Stone Bronze Age. Retrieved June 11, 2007, from http//www. greeka. com/greece-stone-bronze-age. htm History of Ancient Greece. (n. d. ). In Think Quest. Retrieved June 11, 2007, from http//library. thinkquest. org/10805/history-g. html Kreis, S. (2006). Lecture 7 Classical Greece. In The Histor y Guide. Retrieved June 12, 2007, from http//www. historyguide. org/ancient/lecture7b. html Minos. (2007). In Encyclop? dia Britannica.Retrieved June 11, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-9052881 Moerbeek, M. (1998). Warfare in Hellas. Retrieved June 12, 2007, from http//monolith. dnsalias. org/marsares/warfare/battle/salamis. html Mycenaean Civilization. In The capital of South Carolina Electronic Encyclopledia, 6th ed. Retrieved June 11, 2007, from http//www. infoplease. com/ce6/history/A0834633. html The Panathenaic Festival. (n. d. ). Brooklyn College Classics Department. Retrieved June 12, 2007, from http//depthome. brooklyn. cuny. edu/classics/dunkle/athnlife/rligious. htm The Persian War. (n. d. ). In Think Quest.Retrieved June 11, 2007, from http//library. think quest. org/CR0210200/ancient_greece/persian_war. htm Roach, J. (2001). Delphic Oracles Lips whitethorn Have Been Loosened by Gas Vapors. In National Geographic News. Ret rieved June 11, 2007, from http//news. nationalgeographic. com/ news/2001/08/0814_delphioracle. html Setzer, T. (n. d. ). The Persian Invasion of Greece. Retrieved June 11, 2007, from http//www. cais- soas. com/CAIS/History/hakhamaneshian/greece_invasion. htm Trojan War. (2007). In Encarta Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 11, 2007, from Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia http//encarta. msn. com

Endangered Species Should Not Be Protected Essay Example for Free

be Species Should Not Be Protected Es secernProtection from quenching of imperil fundss has always been one of the more than popular advocacies of surroundingsalists. So popular is this provoke that any building of indifference, or more than that, opposition, is certain to energize a public uproar. This paper intends to argue against the shield of jeopardise species, citing three supporting financial statements (1) security department is against evolutionary theory, (2) recovery plans are vague relative to cost and time, and (3) laws pertaining to protection are biased.With regard to the first argument, the extinction of a species of flora / creature is a ingrained occurrence that is necessary for the principal(prenominal)tenance of balance in the world. Having said this, the protection of jeopardise species from probable extinction is unhealthy in the sense that it is an act of haphazardness to natures way of upholding the natural disposition of things. Such a stand is not cruel, nor is it misguided, as most environmental advocates might propose.In fact, the statement is a practical application of the (in)famous theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin, wherein he purports that the extinction of a specie is not random nor abuse because it is an expression of the species inability to survive in its current environment. This is exactly what is happening to the endangered species at present. It may be argued that Darwins theory is acceptable only in so far as extinction due to natural causes is concerned.But what is a natural cause for extinction? In solvent to this anticipated objection, let us digest the argumentation and its logic. If causes portiond to bit give the axe not be considered natural then it may be said that at present, no cause will ever be considered a natural cause. If at that place is no natural cause then, one can say that alone incidents of extinction are unnatural.Following this line of argument we moldine ss then conclude that Darwins theory is therefore false, since it is implied in his work that change is constant in the environment, and with every change there is a species that is at the brink of extinction because it cannot adapt to the change. But Darwins theory of evolution has been prove to be true hence, what is the most logical line of reasoning one can pursue? Since man is a species, his activities, albeit identified by environmentalists as the cause of the endangerment of species, can be construed as the natural cause of extinction of certain plants and animals.Hence, in Causes of Endangerment (Kurpis) the three major factors / causes (with a fourth one being a conjunction of minor factors such as pollution and limitations in distribution) advocates of specie protection have situated as causes of extinction due to man, namely habitat destruction, overexploitation, and introduction of exotic species, are not wrong or evil but manifestations of the adaptation the human spe cie has chthoniantaken and is undertaking. It is survival of the fittest at its finest.The second argument of this paper utilizes the report of the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) entitled threaten Species Time and be Required to Recover Species are Largely Unknown. Succinctly put, the second point against the protection of endangered species is that time and resources which may and should have been channeled to some other causes are poured into an advocacy that has no time limit and has no definite budget. Such an investment is an obvious waste of resources, resources that could have benefited the greater good.In the report, dated April 6, 2006, the GAO contract that under the be Species Act, all recovery plans are required to incorporate, to the maximum extent practicable (1) billet specific management actions, (2) time and cost estimates for completing site specific management actions, and (3) recovery criteria (Endangered Species, 11). Of the 107 plan s under scrutiny by the GAO, an overwhelming 73 plans had no definite time-line relative to recovery of the endangered species they represent, and of the remaining 34, 27 indicated a timetable of 10-50 years before the species are recovered (Endangered Species, 18).Aside from that, 87 of the 107 plans failed to indicate cost estimates (Endangered Species, 19) with the cost here excluding other financial concerns which may be attributed to the protection of endangered species. These facts present the alarming reality in the realm of endangered specie recovery, reality which points to limpid wastage of resources with unpredictable results. It is one thing to commit to a cause funding a futile use of human sympathy to the brink of foolishness is another.The third and final argument of this paper states that laws pertaining to endangered specie protection and recovery are biased. As a disclaimer, the author has not had the opportunity to peruse all the laws concerning endangered speci es what is meant by laws here is the usual steps undertaken by any government to protect endangered species, such as placing them in an enclosure and passing bills that protect them from hunting (regardless of purpose) by man. To begin, the website www. endangeredspecie.com provides an essay that answers the apparent movement of why endangered species should be saved. In a nutshell, the site purports that plants and animals hold medicinal, agricultural, ecological, commercial and aesthetic/ unpaid entertain (Kurpis) and hence, should be protected so that future generations can experience their presence and value (Kurpis). As previously mentioned, protection more often than not consists of placing a specie in a reservation, and under a security blanket of laws that defend them from being hunted for any reason.With regard to the farmer, it is but commons sense to arrive at the conclusion that the maintenance of a reservation, or an enclosure is financially melody and is a waste of viable land (in the case of reservations) which can be utilized for the greater good. The main reason for defend an endangered specie is its promise of possessing medicinal, agricultural, or any other beneficial attribute what if the specie turns out to be useless after years and years of protection? The whole project, then, of protecting it because of its promise is reduced to being a waste of an exercise.The land and other resources used could have been channeled elsewhere. extinction of certain species who can not adapt to change should not be regarded as injurious to nature, it is a mere natural progression in the evolutionary theory. In the consideration of natural causes to extinction we must regard all species as equal, including man. Despite the efforts of environmental advocates to either place man on a pedestal as guardian or belittle man as a cause of destruction, in the natural consideration of things, man is nothing but a very successful animal in the environment.Mea ning all species of flora and fauna have the natural opportunity to adapt and change as the environment requires it. If certain populations of man gain power of the land, it is not an effect of unnatural causes but a normal progression of change and survival. The acts of man are not unnatural, they are only acts using entangled tools and structures. As such, those species that can not adapt and survive are not victims but rather those that can not transition into the changed environment.Exhausting resources to protect such weak species is not only futile, as Darwin already explains that the weak will not survive, it is also reckless in that resources, limited as they are, can be allocated to more productive causes. Acts of protectionism in a false hope of finding usefulness is a encounter very similar to the lottery. While these individuals gamble resources in a blind pursuit, man and many other stronger species suffer.Works CitedKurpis, Lauren. Why Save Endangered Species? Endan geredSpecie. com. 13 April 2009 http//www. endangeredspecie. com/Why_Save_.htm This is an essay that highlights principal values of flora and fauna and the reasons to which endangered species should be saved or protected. Among the reasons cited for the protection on animals are medicinal, agricultural, ecological, commercial and aesthetic value of plants and animals. Through this essay it is meant to communicate that because all flora and fauna can be found to ease up a purpose, even aesthetic, then they are useful or potentially useful and should be protected. Kurpis, Lauren. Causes of Endangerment. EndangeredSpecie. com. 13 April 2009 http//www.endangeredspecie. com/causes_of_endangerment. htm A discussion on the reasons for the occurrence of endangerment of species, this is a discussion of the responsibilities of man as a protector of species and as the major cause for the occurrence of endangerment. The discussion here centers on the act of man that use up the environments o f fauna and flora causing an imbalance. The author claims that man is the principal cause of imbalance in the environment victimizing other species, as such the protection of such species should be the responsibility of man. U. S. Government Accountability Office.Endangered Species Time and Costs Required to Recover Species are Largely Unknown. 6 April 2006. U. S. Government Accountability Office. 13 April 2009 http//gao. gov/ This report focuses on the evaluation of the laws and regulations enacted under the authority created by the Endangered Species Act of 1973. This evaluation focuses not on the successes of the act but on the efforts of protection launched under its authority and how these projects were particularly created and enacted. This report examines 107 protection plans as regards its goal, planning and achievement.

German Economy Essay Example for Free

German Economy EssayOne of the major(ip) vault of heavens of German thrift is the exportings of this country that has accounted for a great parting of monetary output. In this regard, more(prenominal) than twenty-five percent of the national German output has been repayable to the strained exports that have increase significantly during the last decade. In the year 2004, GDP of Germany was contributed by forestry, mining, and agribusiness sector at a very lesser extent, as comp atomic cast 18d to the other sectors in the country.Despite Germany is going done a high level of industrial revolution, forest has covered more than twenty-five percent of Germans territory. In the year 2003, more than sevenerty percent of Germanys gross municipal ingathering was accounted by services sector of the country. In this regard, more than lxx percent of the workforce was employed by this sector. On the other hand, metals, textiles, chemicals, vehicles, foodstuffs, and machinery atomic number 18 major imports of the country, which plays a spanking and crucial role in the prudence of Germany.In the year 2003, a positive of US$55 billion was the account balance of payments and up-to-dateness of Germany. The paper will now discuss the abovementioned areas of German delivery with detailed analysis, and hope will be beneficial for experts and economists in the better understanding of German Economy. In this competitive era, a reduce of economies are enjoying a vital position, and Germany is one of the countries that have been able to construct a very important topographic point in terms of its saving.In terms of exchange rate of the United States, the German economy is considered the terce largest out of the other major economies of the world. Moreover, the economy of Germany has a very strong power of purchasing, which has resulted in its stake as the fifth largest around the globe. In the European continent, the economy of Germany is the largest of al l the other economies, which has provided it with a number of opportunities and significance in this scotch world.Geographically, Germany enjoys a central place in the continent, which is one of the other reasons rat the significance and exposure of opportunities to the German individuals and businesses. A number of difficulties and confrontations can be observed in the economic history of Germany, such as structural problems related to the East Germany, as healthy as, different structural problems that have continued since a last decade in the country. (Smyser, 1993) The German government activity has imposed and implemented a number of policies that have provided significant opportunities for its economy to strengthen in the world.In this regard, one of the major locomote taken by the German government is the promotion of establishment of free enterprises, as well as, competition that has provided a competitive and friendly environment to the businesses and individuals in th e country. However, various sectors are selected for the distribution of financial support by the state organizations. In the response of such steps taken by the government and related organizations, the economy of Germany has achieved a momentous space in the midst of other economic powers of the globe.In addition, different sectors have achieved strategic importance with the help of different policies by the German government. Thus, a number of factors and reasons are responsible and should be credited for the strengthening and powerful role that has been played by economy of the Germany. One of the major sectors of German economy is the exports of this country that has accounted for a great percentage of financial output. In this regard, more than twenty-five percent of the national German output has been due to the heavy exports that have increased significantly during the last decade.In the result, German economy has expanded traditionally in a macroeconomic manner with the sup port of heavy exports from different business sectors and industries of the country. Moreover, economic and political incorporation is another radical policy of the German economy, and such policy has been promoted on the continental level in the Europe. In the result, the European Union and its member countries have appreciated and encouraged the introduction and implementation of German economies policies at a higher extent.(Siebert, 2005) Similarly, a number of legislations related to the single markets in the European Union have been formal and formulated based on German economic policies. The Euro is the common European currency used by some of the countries in the European continent. In this regard, Germany has implemented the usage of same currency in the country, which has resulted in the exposure of more opportunities related to the strengthened economy of Germany in the region.Frankfurt city in the Germany has the European Central Bank, which is responsible for the form ulation of monetary policy of the country, which decides the future prospects for the coming old age related to the economy of Germany. (Smith, 1994) Addressing municipal structural problems is another major concern of the German government, which has been agreed and encouraged by most of the German and the foreign experts in the region. In the year 2003, the press market was deregulated by the gradual steps of German government.In this way, high un usance rate was tackled in an effective manner. In the West Germany, more than seven percent of fall was observed in the unemployment rate in the country, which was the visible fact of deregulation of the labor market. However, there is still a huge room for improvement in the eastern part of Germany, which has an employment rate of more than fourteen percent in the region. (Scott, 2002) However, the German government is playing a vital role in the addressing of different issues related to the economy of Germany.For instance, high non -wage labor costs have too been addressed by the government with the help of implementation of different policies related to it. Many businesses were burdened due to the imposition of bureaucratic parameters in the past, which was addressed by the present and previous governments during the last decade. Nowadays, it has become instead easy and trouble-free to establish a business in the Germany. New entrepreneurs have been encouraged, especially, in the export sectors of the country.In the result, a major and significant improvement can be observed in the economy of Germany, which is very much export-oriented in nature. (Siebert, 2005) In terms of facts, nine percent of growth was observed in the export year of 2007. In the result, some of the business experts deemed the Germany as the biggest exporter in the world. In the year 2006, more than 2 percent of growth was observed in the gross domestic product of the country. Moreover, it is estimated that the following years will ach ieve higher percentage of GDP due to excellent growth in the exports of the country.However, the domestic market of the country is confronting structural problems that can result in some economic issues in the country. oer more than a decade, the labor sector is confronting stagnant wages, which is one of the crucial causes behind the weakness of the domestic market in Germany. In Germany, reunification is financed with the contributions of social insurance companies. Since the 1990s, high wage demands are not observed in unions in the Germany, which has resulted in the conservation of competitiveness among the German workers.Between the years 1990 to 2005, devil percent of decline was observed in the net income on an average in Germany, according to the Federal-Statistical region of the country. However, wage demands from the unions have been raised significantly, as compared with the abovementioned union demands. In the year 2004, GDP of Germany was contributed by forestry, mini ng, and agriculture sector at a very lesser extent, as compared to the other sectors in the country. Approximately two percent of German population was given employment in the abovementioned sectors.The eastern states of the country have account to observe a great reduction in the employment rate. After the reunification process, more than seventy percent of workers in the agricultural sector were declined. However, domestic production in the agricultural sector resulted in the fulfillment of more than ninety percent of dietary and food requirements of the countrys population. In the European Union, the agricultural production is being lead by Germany, which has been followed by Italy and France in the European continent. In this regard, wheat, barley, cabbages, and potatoes are some of the major agricultural products in Germany.

The War on television screens in American living rooms Essay Example for Free

The War on goggle box screens in American living rooms EssayThe War on video recording screens in American living rooms has made Americans far more anti- state of war than anything else. The full brutality of the combat go away be there in close-up and in colour, and blood looks very red on the colour television screen. (A statement made by a BBC commentator in 1970 to members of the British armed forces). This statement suggests that television was an distinguished reason wherefore the United States lost the war in Vietnam. Is there sufficient evince in bloods D to L to support this interpretation?Use the sources and your own intimacy from your studies to explain your answer. The sources atomic number 18 not sufficient in themselves to support the interpretation merely when put together with my own knowledge there is substantial evidence. The colour television made the images that were sent home more graphic and as the BBC commentator said, blood looks very red. We k now that the U. S were unable to defeat irregular tactics and this was a major reason why the U. S lost the war in Vietnam. For example stock J shows how much the war changed the attitudes of many U.S civilians who kick in previously supported the war. Kent state was highly publicize and it showed how the war was destroying humanity. The scenes were widespread and they showed barely what was going on. This shocked America into realizing what the effects of the war were on America. starting time D is a North Vietnamese propaganda poster present the problems that the Americans faced when trying to defeat rebel tactics. It shows the North Vietnamese hiding in the jungle and American soldiers searching for them. The V. C are delay to ambush them.This source is fairly sufficient to support the statement because it shows the difficulties that the U. S suffered when trying to defeat Guerilla tactics. In the background we can see some trucks and this could be the Ho Chi Minh trail but we cannot be certain. The Ho Chi Minh trail was primarily a trail for North Vietnamese supplies to be moved into South Vietnam. Source E is a photograph of napalm victims. This picture was circulated around America during the war and just showed the extent of the chemical weapons that the U.S were using to try and win the war. It shows a boylike female child and a young boy running down the street after a napalm attack and the young girl has no clothes on due to the fact that napalm has burned through them and g champion on her skin. Due to the fact that this particular picture was published everywhere it is probably one of the most important pictures ever captured to show the effects of the chemical weapons that the U. S were using and shows the impact the war was having on society. In the background we can see American soldiers with cameras.When this picture got home and was seen by American civilians they were disturbed by it. Many were unaware of the kind of attacks that w ere taking place and were shocked to see these kinds of pictures. The media that was sent home was an extremely significant part of turning the Americans against the war. Another reason was that soldiers were coming home either severely injure or with missing limbs. The distress that was caused to families who had to be told that their sons/daughters were dead was so upsetting that they started to go on anti-war campaigns.In each rank there was a camera man who was there to capture pictures and footage of the events as they happened. Source F is a description from soldiers talking about the difficulties of fighting guerillas. The source is written by an American journalist. He says how hard it is for soldiers to react when a mortar shell lands in the middle of the patrol. The soldiers dont know whether they should protrude all the villages around them even though most have nothing to do with the war and desire to stay away. This is an ironic situation for the soldiers to be faced with.The source is really telling you about the horrors of the war. This source cannot really be linked to the question as to whether colour television was an important reason why America lost the war. Source G is a source about a soldiers reaction to the My Lai massacre. Soldiers linked the war campaign because they thought they were doing something courageous for their country but were stunned when told to start firing upon disarm civilians.Hundreds of civilians were killed just because they were Vietnamese. When the My Lai massacre reached the U.S it sent shockwaves through the US political establishment, the militarys chain of command, and an already divided American public. Camera footage was recorded and sent home and this was distressing for them. They realised what they had got themselves into and the scenes captured were made more horrific by the colour television. This is why we can say that the colour television was an important reason as to why the U. S lost the war in Vietnam. Source H is a British cartoon showing the costs of the Vietnam War.The train is aptly named the U.S Economy and the workers in the carriages are chopping the carriages up and the pieces of wood have corking Society written on them. The cartoon is trying to show that President Johnson has destroyed society by going to Vietnam. Source K just shows that America wasnt the only country that was against the war. In April 1969 48% of Australians precious their country to carry on fighting in the war but by October only 39% wanted them to. This just shows that the war was changing peoples opinions about what they thought was right.The colour television was not just in America and the scenes captured were just as horrific to the Australians as they were to Americans. The statistics show that there must have been some logical reason for the change in results and we have to consider that the colour television was one of them. I have studied all the sources and when added together wi th my own knowledge they are fairly legitimate in saying that the colour television was an important reason why the U. S lost the war due to the fact that peoples opinions changed with time and we know that pictures look more graphic when in colour.

Costco Wholesale in 2012 Essay Example for Free

Costco sweeping in 2012 EssayCostco is one of United States largest retailers, serving all over 3600 variants of convenience intersection points at excellent property with competent prices. Founded in 1983, Costco quickly expanded in its operations to over 598 stores worldwide. One of the unique exchange propositions of Costco is the fact that they offer very pathetic prices as compared to their competitors without requiring to compromise persona. This paper will analyze Costcos key success factors in terms of its strategic management.Business ModelCostcos business stick is simple and straightforward they offer high quality products at affordable rates. The centerpiece of Costcos forge entails high sales volume and rapid inventory turnover. Costco enjoys high inventory turnover which means that they enduret bring to stock a particular sizeable for long period of time. Also, before they need to pay the suppliers, they are able to sell it. Which means, they are able to pay suppliers with the cash derived from sales, leading to low working capital. This tapers significance in financial health and good financial management. This kind of business fabric is appealing for several(prenominal) reasons low prices can generate high number of customers, indicates healthy operations, encourage rapid turnover, decrease warehouse costs and many another(prenominal) more. However, in order to keep up with this business model, Costco necessitate to continually maintain overhead costs, which will be discussed further into the paper.StrategyCostcos low determine strategy highly depends upon several factors. In terms of pricing, they offer bargain products at low prices. Their network highly come from membership fees, over which members can join in an yearbook subscription and enjoy promotional rates as members. Even though Costco enjoys less profit margins, they get hold of high number of annual members and earn their profit by membership revenues. In term s of product, their Kirkland Signature is also of good quality as a representation of their brand. They are also ready to experience loss of sales by customers who do not want to purchase in larger quantities. Treasure-hunt merchandising is also a aptmethod to continually renew their product lines to encourage members to purchase the item right away in fear of not having them available at the next visit.Jim Sinegal and Core Values as CEOJim Sinegal shows good examples of leadership as a CEO. He conducts an open-door policy which makes him accessible to staff, thereby increasing employee motivation. Jim also conducts well-ordered store visits as opposed to working at a desk, which shows his willingness to step down to the field to admirer improve the store. The business environment is made to be causal and unpretentious, so employees feel sense of belong and are often committed to the organization, in benefit of themselves and the company. Low employee turnover shows the compatibi lity of the employees and the company, which means that the corporate horticulture can be maintained or enhanced.Financial PerspectiveWe have come to understand that Costco achieves some(prenominal) of their revenue from membership renewals. Observing the financial data, we attend that Costcos membership fees if four times over from 2000 up to 2011. This signifies their proficiency in making member packages attractive. Their actions in prioritizing members have been successful as we see that members are continually signing up. Therefore, membership is encouraged to be sustained. However, we see that sales also accession significantly over the years, al nearly 3 times over. Therefore, we can conclude that despite having less marketing activities, Costco is able to attract customers by emphasizing on price efficiency. Their working capital ration (current assets negatively charged current liabilities) is kept at a low level due to high inventory turnover. matched Advantage over CompetitorsA key competitive advantage owned by Costco over its competitors is, without a doubt, their low prices. Although they do not invest much in store layout, store ambiance, labor and marketing, they have low overhead costs which contributes to being able to keep prices low. Also, they offer a wide raiment of product categories from food products to gasoline, although within a product category, they offer less brands than usual retailers (Llopis, 2011).Strategic Weaknesses in Comparison to CompetitorsThe fact that Costco carries only 3600 selections of merchandises could potentially be a major flaw in their strategy. Generally, other(a) stores carry over 10.000 selections. Customers may initially feel the thrill of grass overping at cheap prices at Costco but could eventually dislike the lack of choices in terms of brands and may choose to shop at stores with larger varieties. Secondly, Costco spend less for advertisements and rely on word-of-mouth and certain campaigns. Ho wever, their competitors, Sams fraternity and BJs Wholesale Club spend much more on advertisements. Presently, Costcos financial conditions show steady results in sales but the power of marketing is such that customers may choose to shop elsewhere for various reasons. It is also distinguished to note that customers switching costs (from Costco to another) is relatively low.Compensations PoliciesCostco offers attractive compensations as compared to their competitors. The employee benefits covers all aspects such as fixed wages, health benefits, medicinal discounts, eligibility for company profits, counseling services and many more. At a quick glance, we notice that Costco spends much on compensation, despite the comparatively lower inwardness of labor, due to the vast varieties of compensations.In my opinion, it shows good corporate culture to take care of employees. In most companies, CEOs are the first ones to be rewarded with sky-high numbers. It is different in the case with C ostco, where CEOs are paid fair to middling without failing to reward employees appropriately.Conclusions and RecommendationsAlthough from a management and operation point of view, Costco is doing everything to a tee, there are several recommendations get outd to further improve its performance Increase product lines to above 3600 in order to compete in terms of product choice with their competitors, especially after understanding that customers switching costs are low. Costco already has a big advantage in terms of prices and can do wonders when they also holdproduct advantage. Prepare some funds for marketing.Branding and brand awareness are two of the most important factors for warehouses to remain sustainable in the market to be seen as reliant. With more marketing, Costco can retain top-of-mind spot as the place to shop in customers mindsets. Maintain membership fees at a fair rate. Currently, Costcos membership fees are higher compared to their competitors. They can maintai n their fees at this level only if they can provide more attractive member benefits to their customers compared to their competitors.ReferenceLlopis, G. (2011, January 31). The Costco Factor To Win The Business Game, You Need to Change How You Think. Retrieved February 20, 2015, from Forbes http//www.forbes.com/sites/glennllopis/2011/01/31/the-costco-factor-to-win-the-business-game-you-need-to-change-how-you-think/

Value Creation and Value Capture in Corporate Governance Essay Example for Free

Value Creation and Value Capture in Corporate arrangement EssayAbstractWe have followed the value-based approach to investigate a major corporal cheek rectify affecting publically listed rigids in china. The regulations required that, in each firm, the owners of non-tradable shares (block share sufferers) negotiate with the owners of tradable shares (minority shareholders) to determine the compensation stipendiary to the latter for allowing non-tradable shares to trade on the stock market. If such(prenominal) an agreement is not obtained, the firm is forbidden to subprogram rectitude refinancing in the future. The present study emphasizes the joint effect of value foot and value go in determining the level of compensation, and finds that firms that expect to generate higher returns from future investments but face greater constraints in seeking non-equity-based financing tend to issue higher levels of compensation. This joint effect is further moderated by factors rela ted to investment returns and corporate g overnance. The empirical evidence lends strong support to theoretical predictions. This study has main(prenominal) implications for corporate governance in emerging markets, and the application of the value-based approach to corporate governance research in general. Keywords Value-Based Approach, Corporate Governance, Liquidity Reform, Bargaining, China *Contact Nan Jia, marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Email emailprotected, Tel 213-740-1045 Yongxiang Wang, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Email emailprotected, Tel 213-740-7650. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Olivier Chatain, Gabriel Natividad, Victor Bennett, and Joanne Oxley for their helpful comments.1. Introduction Value creation and value appropriation are central to the question of how stinting actors cooperate in value-producing activities and then compete to divide the value created a phenomenon that is funda mental to business strategy (MacDonald and Ryall, 2004 Gans, MacDonald, and Ryall, 2008 Chatain and Zemsky, 2011). To address this question, a rapidly emergence body of research supports a value-based approach based on formal archetypeing (Brandenburger and Stuart, 1996, 2007 MacDonald and Ryall, 2004). The value-based approach has turn out to be powerful tools for advancing our understanding of a wide range of topics in strategic management, such as market competition (MacDonald and Ryall, 2004 Gans et al., 2008), firms resource advantages (Lippman and Rumelt, 2003), buyer-supplier relationships (Chatain and Zemsky, 2007 Chatain, 2011 Jia, forthcoming), firms sustainable competitive advantages (Adner and Zemsky, 2006), social ne 2rk positions (Ryall and Sorenson, 2007), and team organic law (Bennett, 2012).What has escaped researchers attention so far is to employ the value-based approach to advance our understanding of corporate governance issues. As one of the most investigat ed field in strategic management, corporate governance research focuses on how various governance structures align the incentives of all types of stakeholders (Daily, Dalton, and Rajagopalan 2003 Walls, Berrone, and Phan, 2012). Although theoretically speaking, inherent to many corporate governance issues is the stress among value creation and value capture, as stakeholders design corporate governance arrangements essentially twain to incentivize all parties to work hard to increase the overall firm value, and to assist their competition with other stakeholders regarding overlap the value created (e.g., Tirole, 2001, Jensen, 2001), most strategy research has given overwhelming attention to the latter effect of competing over value appropriation, often called stakeholder opportunism (v. Werder, 2011).In particular, the research of firm governance in emerging markets has preponderantly placed opportunism and misappropriation of minority shareholders center-stage, and appropriately so, as rampant expropriation of minority shareholders generates inefficiencies and stalls economic growth (Morck, Stangeland, and Yeung, 2000 Morck, Wolfenzon, and Yeung, 2005). We believe, however, that stronger protection of minority shareholders also requires incorporating the value creation perspective, to more closely link corporate governance to obtaining cooperation of all shareholders in assisting firms business operation in the future, instead of treating the bargaining between stakeholders notwithstanding as a zero-sum game. The following example of a major corporate governance clear in China clearly shows how focusing on expropriation in a zero-sum game alone fails to reach the insights that cigarette be achieved by the value-based approach. Prior to 2005, all firms listed in Chinas stock market had two types of shareholders owners of tradable shares and owners of non-tradable shares.Both types of shareholders enjoy the same voting rights and the same cash flow rights . The only difference between these shareholders is embodied in their names tradable shares can be traded freely on the stock market, while non-tradable shares cannot be traded on the stock market. Tradable shares are typically held by minority shareholders including individuals and institutional investors, and non-tradable shares are typically held by block shareholders, such as other business firms and the state. The 2005 shed light on was orchestrated by the CSRC (China Securities Regulatory Commission, Chinas SEC-equivalent) to make all non-tradable shares tradable.In it, the CSRC stipulates that, for every firm, the non-tradable shareholders negotiate with the tradable shareholders to determine the compensation received by the latter (from the former1) in exchange for enabling non-tradable shares to trade on the stock market. The failure to reach such an agreement prohibits the firm from refinancing in the stock market. Absent the value creation perspective, viewing this owne rship reform as the shareholders competing only to appropriate a larger share of a fixed pie makes it very heavy to explain why powerful, large shareholders are willing to compensate minority shareholders. 2 Moreover, students of corporate governance in emerging markets are well versed with how block shareholders expropriate minority shareholders, and thus may expect limited compensation paid to the latter.However, such explanations are incomplete. Through the lens of the value-based approach, we argue that the reform enables competition to create as well as to appropriate value. Reaching an agreement to reform the ownership structure increases a firms value in the future, as it provides the firm with access to equity refinancing to fund future investments. Therefore, non-tradable shareholders compensation for the minority shareholders in the reform should depend on their share of the firms pass judgment returns from using equity refinancing to fund business operations in the fut ure.We show that, the compensation for tradable shareholders (minority shareholders) include round of the value that non-tradable shareholders (block shareholders) expect to gain from the firms future investment, because the compensation reflects how much minority shareholders could hold up the block shareholders from creating more value through future investments. Using a formal model and then corroborating it with empirical evidence, we show that non-tradable shareholders are more willing to compensate tradable shareholders to reform the ownership when the firm is more effective in investments but face greater constraints with regard to alternative financing.