Last Day In High School Essay

Respected Teachers, Seniors and my dear Friends. A warm and affable welcome to all of you present here Its a day that comes in a stratum but brings innumerable emotions along with it. I guess all of you would be a little sad, for you will be difference behind masses that shaped your life and a place that is as lots a part of your identity as the name you exclude .Every beginning has an end. And every end is a new beginning. Its a relentless cycle seen in every aspect of our drop deads. A year starts a year ends, only to give birth to a nonher. As much as I anticipate the start of a new season, I know that fate says it will cease. Most of our life is a series of images. They pass us by like towns on the highway. But sometimes, a moment stuns us as it happens. And we know that this instant is more than a fleeting image. We know that this moment every part of it will live on forever .The important thing is not to be hot over lifes disappointments. Learn to let go of the past, a nd roll in the hay that every day wont be sunny.And when you find yourself doomed in the darkness of despair remember, its only in the filthy of night that you see the stars, and those stars lead you back home.So dont be afraid to make mis perplexs, to stumble and fall, because most of the time the greatest rewards come from doing the things that s concern you the most. Maybe youll condense everything you wish for. Maybe youll get more than you ever could have imagined. Who knows where life will take you. The pathway is long and in the end, the journey is the destination. At this watershed moment of the lives of my friends of relegate 10th, I am reminded the great words by Rabindranath Tagore, where the mind is without precaution.I wish for you a mental cosmos where you are reassured individuals, not scared to do the most uphill tasks. Where you are not cosseted in the four walls of fear, and break the shackles and become real performers, real doers. As we stand here on this beautiful day, my friends we wish for you an bearing of a real performer, one who does not look back but dives into profligate waters with a crazy stubbornness to swim through and save the fiercest storms. I wish for you a divine belief, a never-give up attitude and a little piece of arrogance that tells the achievers out there in the world with a loud thud, if you can, why cant I?You are now at a crossroads where you need to take decisions independently. You need fortitude to face the time to come which often looks bleak and blank. Remember, the future is an extension of today. If life is good today, tomorrow will take care of itself.Those of you who want to outshine others must learn the secret of enthusiasm. The moment you advert this secret, success cannot elude you. Enthusiasm provides a person with a herculean driving force.develop faith in yourself and enthusiasm will bubble up in you.Lastly, I would like to add, Make a rule in life never to regret and never look back. g rief is appalling waste of energy. Indeed, life is what we make it. It is said that the best people are moulded out of faults, and for the most, become much more the better for macrocosm a little bad. Each mistake can become a prime opportunity for self improvement. May your journey be that of valiancy and we do not want to say good bye because tomorrow when we stand there to become a part of your world, we would look for those long-familiar faces, who would draw their hands out and share their experiences with us.

Ethics in Public Relations Essay

Nowadays, prevalent Relations is one of the fastest-growing fields of professional employment worldwide. The reality relation profession is constantly having to adapt to the needs of society with which different concourse and different organizations from different countries form a sorting of definitions. For this reason, the number of ethical dilemmas in public transaction continues to grow as well.Some of the issues with ethics that can be found with public dealing is the withholding of information from the public, directly and indirectly paying for independent and intention views and opinions, biased approaches and loyalty, distortion of reality, propaganda, bailing forbidden and promotion of questionable industries, the funding of straw man groups by various industries, the use of Video News Releases, the Accreditation in Public Relations, and pseudo events. The Public Relations Society of Americas write in code of Ethics has a foundation that lies in the Member Statemen t of headmaster Values. These Values include advocacy, honesty, expertise, independence, loyalty, and fairness. There be also six render involved in the PRSA Member Code of Ethics Enhancing the Profession, Conflicts of Interest, Safeguarding Confidences, Disclosure of Information, Competition, and escaped come down Information. Of all the Principles and values listed above, I find the most eventful of the list to be the Value of Fairness and the Principle of Free Flow Information.The Core Principle of Free Flow of Information states, Protecting and forward the free flow of accurate and truthful information is essential to military service the public interest and contributing to informed decision making in a democratic society. What I believe this means is that the element should be honest in all proceedings, correct any impairment information promptly, and be sure that the free flow of information is preserve and unbiased. One thing that interested me was Henry Mintzbergs outline everywhere the five definitions of strategy including strategy as a plan, pattern, position, perspective, and ploy. As a plan, strategy is concerned with setting up guidelines to establish direction for an organization. As a pattern, strategy consists of various actions carried out with consistency by firms. dodging as a position looks at how organizations interact with the external milieu and how they place themselves in the competitive environment.One thing that truly stood outto me was the mention of the VNRs, or the Video News Releases, which are video segments make to look like a news report aimed to inform an audience, still it is created by a public relations firm, advertising agency, marketing firm, corporation, or government agency. The issue with the ethics behind the VNRs is the issue of falsification to the audience or using these segments as a propaganda technique. VNRs are a vital part for news delivery, however when the news becomes to a greater extent of a commercial for a company, many issues with ethics begins to form that sanction for many to ponder the line between right and wrong of the ethics regarding public relations.Over time, I feel that the ethical issues regarding public relations will improve and evolve with the time. What is unethical right now whitethorn not be unethical in the future. For this reason, it is important for journalist and people in PR to focus on the many the issues now in public relations to learn and improve.

“If I Had A Choice” By Walt Whitan Essay

Wave resemblance in Walt Whitmans If I Had the Choice Although not measureically or metrically reproducible throughout, Walt Whitmans metrical composition If I Had the Choice is very consistent in its attempt to check the characteristics, specifically the curl ups, of the sea whether read, heard, or seen, the poems adaptation to a waves record is clearly evident. Whitmans use of repeated, but not uniform, measure in the poem exposes the up and down nature of waves, while the sudden, drastic change in rhythm helps depict the crashing of a wave. The metrical variation in the poem as well attributes to the resemblance of a wave, for it goes hand in hand with the space of distributively rootage, giving the poem the physical characteristics of a wave.While the there is no metrical soundbox throughout the poem (probably done because no cardinal waves argon identically alike), there is a noticeable pattern and consistency in the rhythm of the poem. The consecutive use of iambs in the first five-spot lines of the poem help to not only emphasize the steady execution of the sea, but more importantly to give the poem a finger of the up and down motion of the waves in the sea the pattern of unaccented/stressed/unstressed/stressed syllables in every line is very similar to the up and down undulation of a wave.The shift from the iambic rhythm in lines one through five to a loud, sudden spondee in line six clearly depicts the image of a wave crashing. The spondaic rhythm (stress/stress) of the first devil words in line six, These, these, is an unexpected, drastic change from the prior unstressed/stressed pattern. Similar to the crashing of a wave, this change was drastic, and quick it does not experience long, hence the reason for the poems quick kick in to an iambic rhythm. The poems last three lines are once again consistently iambic they are impale to the quiet, pacific motion of waves in the sea.Just as the prime of a wave affects the power of a wav e, the meter of this poem affects its rhythm. Although there is no specific pattern for the do of feet per line in this poem, the meter is still greatly significant. When broken up iambically, the number of feet add-on steadily from line one to four, until we reach line five, the longest (10 feet) line. The length of line five is significantly important in portraying the nature of waves it is model of the amplitude of a wave before it is aboutto crash. bill five is ten feet long because it is followed by line six, the line in which there was a sudden rhythmical change, which portrayed the crashing of the wave. Once it crashes, the waves return to their prior size, just as the following lines of the poem go back to having the same range of feet as they did before line five.The alternating number of feet per line also allow the poems structure to resemble a wave no two waves are similar in frequency ( superlative degree) or amplitude (width), just as no two sentences of this poem a re identical in length. As the lines approach the center of the poem, they get longer, and then begin decreasing in size by and by they reached the longest express, line five. Since line five, the middle of the poem, is the longest line, when held sideways, this line is representative of the middle of a wave, its highest point right before it crashes.By using rhythm and meter skillfully, this poem is successful in imitating the rhythm of the sea, and the meter of the waves in the sea. In doing this, Whitman makes a very distinctive point rhythm and meter affect each other, just as the height of a wave affects its crash. This relationship is evident whether one reads, sees or hears this poem.

Manipulating and Controlling Women through Religions and Myths Essay

The first question is, who authored most of the ghostly dogma, myths, and other work forcetal picture systems that we have at present? Until now, that is to say throughout all foregoing history, there has been a sharp gender asymmetry in the hierarchy of knowledge, and nowhere is this more cl aboriginal institutionalized than in religion (King 73). The create verbally or oral creeds and their interpretation have for centuries dictated the societal roles that men or women played. Our epics, myths, and commandments arose from the creativity or imaginings of patriarchal society.The commonality of these expressions usually commanded chars subservience to the male superior its author. Before the emergence of women authorisation, it was the fair sexs role to submit herself to the husband no matter what he is and did. If the setting was the home, she has to serve her king-the husband. Culture has dictated terms of what is feminine in behavior and appearance. Early Roman religious life has man as the dominant if non having the monopoly in a Roman citys affairs.In the religious life of Rome we find reflected both the government agency of the male members of society and the importance of the family as a unit of society. Women argon as always non an active participant in its activities. Women be to a certain extent excluded from cult activities, non least in the public arena. They do non hold important positions of authority. Some whitethorn disagree with this and points to the so-called Vestal Virgins. Hinnels (Hinnels) points out that with the absence of women from public religious life there was one major ejection, though that was a actually significant one.The Vestal Virgins, the female priests of the cult of Vesta, were half a dozen women recruited as children of six years old and committed to the preservation of their virginity and the service of the goddess for thirty years. They were refer with a very wide range of cults and rituals and it i s clear that the security and wellness of the whole community depended on the maintenance of their duties. They had to keep the sacred go over on the hearth of Vesta burning at all condemnations. In periods of primitive danger, the city sometimes turned on them and accused them of unchastity, evidently seek to blame them for the crisis.If found guilty they were buried alive at the restrict of the city. In some theories, they were originally the young womans of the old kings of Rome, so that their relationship to the chivvy and the hearth echoed the duties of the ordinary household. The theories are more prepossessing than reliable. Important though the Vestals may have been, they were no more than a single exception to the general exclusion of women from public positions of authority or power in the public life of Rome.Some women in the late Republic and early Empire did achieve per newsal power and regularise, but this did not transmute the basic rules by which social ins titutions operated. If you are a Vestal virgin, your aliveness is dependent on the relative period of peace that your city enjoys. other than organism fired, terminated, and buried at the limit of the city is not an attractive prospect. Roman and Greek mythology may have given women important roles in their godhoods, since we have Athena, Demeter, Juno, and Aprodite, but the important chief position is always to the man- Jupiter or Zeus.For the worlds contemporary chief religions Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, and the Confucian credos have direct that it is the primary duty of women to be obedient and devoted. The laws that enforce them are ground on the animated religious and cultural belief systems and their derivations. When women are physically disfigured through foot binding and genital mutilation society, it is in accord to tradition. How do these disfigurements served any purpose to the char or the man? at that place have been disagreements as to the rea parole wherefore footbinding has existed for a long time in China.Patricia Ebrey (Buckley)posits the following Footbinding was an alteration of the body that changed every occasion about a womans physical existence. Because the ideal upper-class man was by meter times a relatively subdued and refined figure, he ability seem effeminate unless women could be made even more delicate, reticent, and stationary. What best than tiny feet to accomplish this? For the footbound Chinese woman, the debilitation confined her to the home and strengthen her role as the husbands sole possession. Refinement and being subdued is no excuse for this unutterable act.Female genital mutilation has been a tradition of galore(postnominal) African tribal societies. It is a female circumcision through with(p) to prepare a young girl for marriage. This is a very unhealthful and and so a very dangerous practice. Supposedly, mutilation understands that the woman do not go astray since that part of her that makes her commit a sin has been removed. This inculcates a guilty feeling to the girls mind and reinforces the belief that women are morally weaker and therefore needed to be put in their position of low esteem. much(prenominal) are the heavy prices that woman has to pay for being a woman.Gladly, their being widespread is confined in the past. Religion, myths, and our beliefs systems favor the man and ensure his self-confidence over the woman. The erstwhile Taliban regime of Afghanistan is the contemporary extreme believer of this. down the stairs the Taliban regime in Afghanistan at the beginning of the twenty-first century, for example, penalization for noncompliance with brutally extreme restrictions on womens appearance and behavior include public flogging and execution. Compulsion, however, is not the only or even of necessity the most effective means for encouraging women to subscribe to femininity norms. kind returns and personal satisfaction are also motivators. Piet y is its own reward for a woman of any faith who believes she is behaving in accordance with miraculous result. Depending on how she interprets her faith, a contemporary Muslim woman may frankincense signal her femininity and her piety by choosing to wear the veil whether she lives chthonian a theocratic or a secular political system. Her natural selection to veil may be reinforced by additional rewards, such(prenominal) as greater respect and personal autonomy accorded to her by her family and the local anesthetic Muslim community (Hoodfar and Hoodfar).If you are publicly flogged for wearing a knee-length dress, it is not time to fire your dressmaker it is appropriate to question if the punishment is commensurate with the offense. If jihadists believed that bombing innocent civilians will ensure them heavenly virgins, what will women suicide bombers get? Making a distortion of a religious belief by subordinating women as mens rewards acquits women from hunch of establishing th at belief. The Judeo-Christian belief is not spared from instilling guilty feeling and low-esteem to women. submit this passage from Numbers 530 . .. or when feelings of jealousy receive over a man because he suspects his wife. The priest is to make her contribute before the LORD and is to apply this entire law to her. The operative news show her is suspicion. If you are suspected by your husband of having been unfaithful, you will be treated in the same manner as those proven to be guilty of the same. This could be a Damocles sword hanging over the top of the woman as she is proven once again to be not having the same rights as the man. What do you expect when your subsidiary position was ensured during understructure when you were drawn from the rib of Adam.Children of evening have borne their guilt when the first woman caused the man to transgress the law of God by eating that forsaken fruit. The woman may blame the snake who had scurried away but she had to stay by her m an. This guilty feeling has always been foisted to the woman since paradise was lost. In the same vein that the Nazis annihilated the Jews for having caused the crucifixation of the Christ. In the Old Testament, having the same blood does not ensure the needed affection and respect nothing is more abominable than the story of Lot who offered his two virgin daughters to the unruly crowd who valued to sodomize guests.Ge. 195 They called to Lot, Where are the men who came to you tonight? fetch them out to us so that we can have sex with them. Ge. 196 Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door crapper him Ge. 197 and said, No, my friends. Dont do this wicked thing. Ge. 198 Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. scarcely dont do anything to these men, for they have come under the security of my roof. If biblical characters and the Mosaic Law subordinate women to men, you cannot expect a different perspective from the society where these belief systems are integrated. When Jewish and Muslim men became polygamous, nothing is wrong about it, but when otherwise you can for certain expect a stoning. In some parts of part of Tibet, polyandry is not frowned up, but Tibet is a very small country whose religious influence is confined within its small borders. Hindu Universe, an internet website explained that in Hinduism the religious root of womens oppression stems from the belief that the son and daughter are not inherently equal.Though many sages argued that since both come from the male parents body, there is no difference between the two, ritual location of the son is higher. Perhaps this belief that if a mans push is greater then a son would be produced, but if a womans vitality is greater then a daughter would be produced is also responsible. Men looked upon their sons as mirrors of the father. A son therefore conducts the funeral ceremony of the parents. Though in absence of a son, a daughter can also perform them, it is only in absence of a brother. A daughter is seen as belonging ultimately not to her fathers family, but to her husbands.So the first thing that must be done is to remove this idea that a son is more value and that daughters are born to go to anothers house. Conclusion There is something wrong with the way women were manipulated and controlled in the past apparently in compliance with the written and traditional beliefs. If this was not so, widespread women empowerment at present would not have been possible. The United Nations Millennium annunciation pledges explicitly to combat all forms of violence against women and to implement the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) (Waldorf).And it further recognizes the importance of promoting gender equivalence and womens empowerment as an effective pathway for combating poverty, hunger and malady and for stimulating truly sustaina ble development. Such declaration does not ensure that manipulation and control of women will cease in some corners of the world. in time this global consensus is an indication that indeed misconceptions about gender roles are existing and should therefore be corrected.If this is a violation of Judeo-Christian, Hindu, Islamic, and other religious precepts, why then had this been adopted by many countries who had practiced the belief systems found on these religions? Why the shift to expanding women roles and even placing them in positions of leaderships in many countries? We can only conclude that this is an acceptance of women having been contained for so long. This is a uncommunicative acquiescence that indeed the forefathers and not the foremothers may have treated the children of Eve unjustly. References Buckley, Patricia.The Inner Quarters Marriage and the Lives of Chinese Women in the Sung Period. Berkeley University of California, 1993. Hinnels, buttocks R. Ed. A Handbook of ancient Religions. New York Cambridge University Press, 2007. Hoodfar, Homa and Homa Hoodfar. More Than Clothingnetting as an Adaptive Strategy. Toronto Womens Press, 203. King, Ursula. Religion and Gender Embedded Patterns, interlinking Frameworks. Oxford Blackwell, 1995. The Ages Digital Library. The Holy Bible. Albany Ages Software, 1996. Waldorf, Lee. Pathway to Gender Equality. United Nations blood line for Women, n. d.

Compare the theme of outsiders in Frankenstein Essay

D, so he postulateed to join the terrorist group to research revenge. In this respect Daz is similar to the monster, they atomic number 18 twain willing to founder heinous crimes for vengeance. Del thats my brovver thay catch im marauding wiv Dred. Top him dont thay. This quote shows how Dazs brother was killing in a raid with Dred. After the night in the Blue Moon where he salvage Zoe and her friends, Daz incurs himself an outcast from two societies. He was still physically a chippy, which subject matter he is not allowed in Silverdale however, he helped out the enemy subbies which advance him not an accepted chippy.After Daz and Zoe they contact each other with with(predicate) letters and finally when they accommodate, the reader recognise that Daz does not want to be a chippy. Throughout this novel we are constantly reminded of this forbidden love. I seen this Subby girl, our mam. Forget her, Daz. Not easy, our mam. Not easy. Daz is given a negative chemical reac tion from his mum, when he explains that he has met Zoe. However, once Daz meets Zoe he realises he does not want to be an alien any longer, Dazs priorities and views of subbies change. Like Victor, Daz is very headstrong he takes a lot of risks for Zoe and to make his life better.It appears to the reader that Zoe has the perfective aspect life, mvirtuosoy, nice houses, cars and good facilities. However it becomes evermore clear that Zoe feels trapped and unhappy. Zoe is an alien because after she meets Daz, Silverdale citizens see her as a chippy lover. Thats why we constitute fences and lights and guards some kids get fed up being cooped up a suburbs a pretty nice gravel but any place with a fence aroundll get to you, eventually. This quote shows the reader how a Subby teenager can become fed up with the enclosed lifestyle.Zoe feels this because she is persuade into believing her existence is happy and enjoyable. Similar to Daz, when the two forbidden lovers meet her prior ities changes. Zoe the loyal and hard working daughter rebels once against her parents white-haired fashioned and single minded views. Unlike Daz, Zoe is an outsider by choice. Her easiest extract could confirm been to lead a normal life as a young, well-educated Silverdale resident. Nevertheless, Zoe decides to leave the suburb and fit in the city, choosing to become an outsider from two societies.Zoe hires to be an outsider and is similar to Victor she sees that defending things that are important to her holds great risks. For the first time I contemplated the enormity of the footmark I had just taken This quote shows how Zoe realises that she has left her Subby life to live in the city this is the first physical sign of her becoming an outsider. In Daz 4 Zoe Zoes Grandmother is not an obvious outsider. To begin with nanna is not a visible outsider, although later we go on to find she is the founder of the illegitimate organisation.She is very similar to Robert Walton as they are both outsiders in their thoughts and views, however they are not outcasts. Grandma was part of an electrical resistance outfit called F. A. I. R, which stands for Fraternal Alliance for Integration through Reunification. Resembling Victor, Robert Walton and Zoe, she is an outsider through choice and these views influence Zoe. Daz 4 Zoe and Frankenstein both discuss outsiders in society, and how quite a little can be born outcasts and how others chose to be secluded from society because of their ambitions, beliefs or interests.We read how Daz and the Monster we forced into seclusion, isolated from society. Also how Zoe, Victor, Grandma and Robert Walton choose to live their lives dangerously and even unhappily because of their thoughts. The nineteenth century books and the contemporary novel are relevant to todays society. In the present culture we have different castes, religions, races even different accents, Daz 4 Zoe shows an extreme version of abused power and preju dice. Due to advances in medical exam science in the present day limbs can be sew on, embody parts reshaped new skin tissue be formed.Frankenstein again shows excessive power, since the novel was written we have had cloning and artificial body parts The two novels both are severe results of social issues we have today. I feel the moral of the two novels combined is that with no action, groundbreaking society could find themselves in these difficult situations. 1 Show take in only The above preview is unformatted text This student written lay out of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one? Search for

Rosetta Stone

Ensure your computer is NOT hooked to the internet. If you behave functionISO, or a similar utility, skip to whole step 3 timber 1 - cut in Power ISO rate 2 -Run Power ISO and click to touch unregistered. -Choose the large icon mount >> set Number of drives >> 1 drives timber 3 -Mount The Rosetta Stone rendition 3. 0. 35 feel 4 -Navigate to My reckoner if The Rosetta Stone does not automatically load -Double Click on RS_App -Follow break in Instruction -Launch Rosetta Stone V3 -DO NOT Check for updates -Quit Rosetta StoneStep 5 -Delete a burden called tracking. db3 -Location For XP users -> C >> Document and Settings >> All Users >> Application Data For Vista Users -> C >> plan Data >> The Rosetta Stone -If any of these folders are out of sight in Vista, choose organize >> folder and Search options >> view >> show hidden files and folders -If any of these folders are hidden in XP, right click where the scatty folder is and ch oose folder options >> view >> show hidden files and folders Step 6 -Run Rosetta Stone -DO NOT Check for updates -Quit Rosetta StoneStep 7 -Install The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 0. 57 (Update 1) -Follow installation instructions -DO NOT update Step 8 -Install The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 2. 11 (Update 2) -Follow installation instructions -DO NOT update Step 9 -Right Click on The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 2. 11 stain -choose copy -paste in the Rosetta Stone Directory at CProgram FilesRosetta StoneRosetta Stone V3 -double click on The Rosetta Stone Version 3. 2. 11 Patch -A pop up will appear and say Activation range replaced with minor error Click OK enjoy ) -click on Patch Step10 Install Laguage Files by -Run The Rosetta Stone choose install Language -navigate to the Rosetta Stone study Folder -right click on the first language to be installed >> Power ISO >> mount image to Drive -click ok at the Rosetta Stone Istallation suppress -follow Rosetta Stone installati on Instrutions -at completion, choose continue -choose DO NOT modify -choose NEVER when prompted to register the software -click OK when an 2002 error pops up Step 11 -Install further language files by following the procedures in step 10 after selecting to install another language A varan NEVER NEVER NEVER Update this software for any reason. be intimate qwerqwefqwerq

Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster

The quadriceps snort capital of South Carolina was the second seat move disaster and the first boo anomic on land happened on February 1, 2003. In this commission, six American cosmonauts and Israels first spaceman died when the space bird capital of South Carolina disintegrated 200,000ft above Texas. They ar David Brown, Rick Husband, Laurel Clark, Kalpana Chawla, Michael Anderson, William McCool and Ilan Ramon. Rick husband is the Columbias commander was a US air force colonel recruited to the space program in 1994. He make his first f dead in 1999 last weeks was his second.William McCool is the Columbia pi shell out was on his first flight. A naval commander and test pilot, he was selected for the space program in April 1996, and trained at the Johnson space centre. Michael Anderson is one of and a handful of African-American astronauts, Anderson had logged 211 hours in space before the Columbia disaster. A USAF lieutenant-colonel, he joined Nasa in 1994. Kalpana Chaw la is an experienced astronaut who do her first flight on STS-87 in 1997. David Brown was a military flight surgeon before joining the astronaut corps.Laurel Clark joined Nasa in the same year as Brown, and was trained as a space flight surgeon. Lastly is the Ilan Ramon, an Israeli air force colonel, Ramon was his countrys first astronaut. He took part in the 1973 Yom Kippur war and the 1981 bombing raid that destroy an Iraqi nuclear reactor. With the Columbia accident, non only has the nation incapacitated a four-billion-dollar fowl, septenary outstanding astronauts and pr water iceless experimental results, it has also lost confidence in manned space flight and space exploration. February 1, 2003 was a sunny day.It was the perfect day for the Columbia fowl return to soil. Everyone at NASA was excited for their return because the shuttle would bring back a lot of useful information from the 16 days mission. No one surmise tragedy will happen. At around 9am, the shuttle lost satisfy with NASA. The mission controllers thought it was a temporary problem because of the shuttle reentry into the automated teller ma lifte and also the temperature sensors on the inboard and outboard elevons (A control surface on an airplane that combines the functions of an elevator and an aileron. on the left propagation had stopped mental process minutes before. NASA start to recognize something unusual happened when several 911 calls were made by the residents in Texas, Arkansas and the Louisiana argona. The space shuttle Columbia and her seven crewmembers were lost. Immediately after losing of the shuttle and the seven crewmembers, NASA stopped all shuttle operations at Kennedy Space concentre. They collected all the re briny(prenominal)s spell of the Columbia shuttle and grid on the floor of the Reusable propel Vehicle Hangar.The Columbia Reconstruction Project Team attempted to regenerate the bottom of the artificial satellite as part of the investigation into the accident. The engineers found that a 20-inch piece of hardened insulation spark breaking off the main fuel cooler and hitting the shuttles left annex during the launch on January 16th. They asked the top shuttle managers for outside agency assistance, and the request was denied. This is because the shuttle managers concluded that there was no safety anguish due to the foams impact and decided to let the mission continue. Other possible causes were pilot mistake and space debris.After investigations continued in the next few weeks, some molten aluminum debris from the shuttles file name extension structure, as well as molten sword debris, had been found. When the engineers eliminated the other possibilities, they began to focus on the foam from the outside(a) tank only. When the shuttle reenters the atmosphere, the temperature on its surface can reach nearly 1649oC. So the thermic Protection System (Various materials applied to the outer structure protect the orbiter from e xcessive heat) on the shuttle is critical. There atomic number 18 four assorted materials in the space shuttles Thermal Protection System (TPS).There are high-temperature reclaimable surface insulation (HRSI) , low-temperature reusable surface insulation (LRSI), felt reusable surface insulation(FRSI), and reinforced carbon-carbon composite (RCC). The HRSI cover the high surface temperature reaches between 649 and 1260oC. The LRSI cover the low surface temperature reaches between 371 and 649oC. For another 2 materials are used in small amounts. Due to the temperature during reentry exceeds 1260oC at the nose cap, chin panel, forward external tank, and file name extension leading boundary panels and T-seals, the RCC was break down.For utilize purpose and to prevent oxidation, the outer layer of the RCC is converted into silicon carbide in a furnace filled with argon with a temperature cycle up to 1649oC. The main reason of the shuttle to break down is because the foam from the b ipod of the external tank was shed, and struck the shuttles left wing during the launch. It had damaged the wings leading edge RCC structures which allowing reentry plasma to penetrate and disintegrate the be aluminum, damaging the wings structure.The foam of the bipod ramp is BX-250, polyurethane foam applied with CCF-11 which is used to cover outside of the tank to prevent ice and frost on the surface. The foam is to reduce the weight so it made by light material. The engineers couldnt believe that such a light material could damage the wing of the shuttle. Thus, some research had done by the Southwest Research institute. They used a compressed air hoagy to fire a foam draw a blank of similar size and wad to that which struck Columbia and at same estimated speed.To represent the leading edge of Columbias left wing, RCC panels from Enterprise and from NASA stock, along with fiberglass mock-up panels, were mounted to a simulating structural metal frame. In the final round of test ing, a block fired at the side of an RCC panel created a hole 41 by 42. 5 centimeters (16 by 17 in) in the protective RCC panel. The tests clearly show that the foam could cause visible crack on the well-tried RCC panels. These cracks could lead the shuttle breakup during reentry. The final propound of the Columbia diagonal Investigation was released on August 26th, 2003.It concluded that this tragedy was caused by expert and organizational failures. The foam problem of the bipod area has existed for years, and NASA engineers have looked at a variety of ways to correct it. The report indicated that the space shuttle should not have been launched with this problem extant. The report further proposed that, although the shuttle had always returned to earth safely after the foam hit the wing during previous shuttle flights, the managers at NASA should not have rejected the engineers requests to make sure Columbias wing was not damaged this time.Finally, it suggested that NASA shoul d have had a backup plan for habitue the shuttle in space and insuring the crews safety if they found out the wing was badly damaged. On 26th July 2005, a shuttle discovery was launched. NASA had organise an independent Return to Flight (RTF) panel to monitor its preparations. There are 7 out of the 26 RTF panel members issued a minority report prior to the launch. They questioning if Columbias lessons had been learned and also expressing concerns nearly NASAs efforts.During launch, a large piece of foam separated from the external fuel tank, but fortunately did not strike the shuttle, which landed safely 14 days later. The shuttle fleet was once again grounded, unfinished resolution of the problem with the external fuel tank insulating foam. Reference Columbia space shuttle disaster 2003. World news. http//www. guardian. co. uk/gall/0,,888045,00. html Space shuttles thermal protection system (TPS). US Centennial of Flight Commission. http//www. centennialofflight. ov/ endeavor/ Evolution_of_Technology/TPS/Tech41G2. htm Final report of Columbia Disaster. Columbia Accident Investigation plank http//caib. nasa. gov/ NASAs Space Shuttle Program The Columbia Tragedy, the Discovery Mission, and the in store(predicate) of the Shuttle. Marcia S. Smith Resources, Science, and Industry Division. Updated by January 4, 2006. fas. org/sgp/crs/space/RS21408. pdf Lessons Learned from the Columbia Disaster. Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS). www. aiche. org/uploadedFiles/CCPS/ /Presentation_Rev_newv4. ppt

“A Raisin In A Sun” by Lorraine Hansberry Essay

I stupefy a day imagineA ideate deeply grow in the Ameri croup Dream.I have a moon that angiotensin-converting enzyme solar day this nation willing rise up and work with come pop the accepted meaning of its creed we hold these truths to be self- evident that exclusively me ar created catch. I have a dream that my four children will 1 day live in a nation where they will non be judge by the tint of their accrue up alone by the content of their character. I have a dream that unrivalled day lower-ranking inexorable boys and scandalous girls will be able to reefer hands with white boys and white girls atomic number 18 walk together as sisters and brothers. Martin Luther magnate Jr.In the gambling A Raisin In A lie by Lorraine Hansberry is essenti eithery about dreams, including the American Dream. The draw admits say around the 1950s in lettuces south side, when separatism was lock around. In this play you meet a cast of state with dreams of a punter sp irit that comp atomic number 18s the novel A Raisin in the cheerfulness with Martin Luther female monarchs speech I Have a Dream. It Analyzes the sympathetic themes found in play analogous racial injustice, socio-economic discrimination, dream fulfilment and the fact that it takes post during the same time. There argon many aspects that be discussed in two(prenominal) A Raisin in the Sun and I have a dream speech. Perhaps the most important of those are racial injustice, socio-economic discrimination, unity, and the spit outs for the American dream.In this play on that point are many dissimilar dreams, mommys dream is to create a better life for her family. The American dream, which is the idea of success that involves owning a rest home, world able to digest a better life for your family and to attain certain material objects. mamas dream is the American dream of moving her family out the little cramped erect and into a bigger house, that is perfect for a famil y of basketball team with a yard children can play and where she can t residue a garden. For many African Americans during the 1950s The American dream was to be inured equally and before that their dream was freedom, an end to slaveholding.Martin Luther poofs celebrated I Have a Dream Speech and the play A Raisin in the Sun have many similarities. They two have the go for for black and white equality. They also want to make a potpourri and live the flair they feel is right for them to live. They both willing to take chances in doing so and begin to achieve by trying. A Raisin in the Sun and I Have a Dream speech both sleep together with many issues but n unmatchable to a greater extent important than injustice. racism was the root cause of all the discrimination and injustice African Americans faced. Martin Luther nance Jr. speech and Lorraine Hansberry both are examples of the starving freedom of black American and both speak the truth of the realities of life and dreams for the future of all Americans. Even after many years of African Americans being released from slavery and became free Americans, they were still treated the same and that they are not actually free until the people are all equal regardless to skin color. Walter Lee and Martin Luther King Jr. both make the same points because they both have their big dreams and are willing to do anything to make their dreams come true. A dream is to envision another life or mark that could be better or worse than what the person already has. In the case of most people it is a dream that is positive.People in the main are selfish idealists who dream only about themselves but there are some who dream about the orbit or others such(prenominal) as friends and family. Two examples of these types of dreamers are Mama and Martin Luther King Jr. In Dr. Kings speech he brings up that his dream is not only for him but also for others with the same problem. He is a fondness dreamer, one who believes others come premiere then him. Mama is this type of dreamer because her dreams are for her family and the well being of them. Even though Mamas dream is not as deep or motivational as Dr. King, it is still a non-selfish dream. Mamas dream was to get a house that was more(prenominal) suitable to live in then the watercourse house that the youngs live in. Which was dirty and small. They were cramped up and highly uncomfortable, it was contumaciously not a proper house for five people and a baby on the way. and so Mamas dream of having better living qualities was a smart investment. Them houses they put up for colored in them areas way out all seem to cost twice as much as other houses. She found a nice house for a good price in a White area white neighborhoods had bigger and cheaper homes then black neighborhoods. She found the best deal as she said her self I did the best I could (Act 2. pictorial matter 1.93) Mama thinks she chose the best option for the family and she did. Th is can be related to MarinLuther King Jr.s dream as well.He dreamed of a world where black and whites and all raceways would live in peace. He envisioned that there would be no hate because of skin tone or place of origin. He dreamt that We cannot be satisfied as keen-sighted as a Negros basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a large one (I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Jr.)By this line he meant that they should not stop fighting for equal rights until they move out of little suburban areas classified as ghettos. at once again that speech can relate to Walter Lee, when he finally takes a stand in his manly hood and shows his pride in his family. The flooring ended as him being the head of the family because he took control and became a family man by rejected an offer from a white moving inman to stay out of a white neighborhood and to stay with all blacks. When Travis smiles up at his father this is when Walter Lee has a sudden channelize of heart. He explains to Mr . Lindner that his family members are plain proud people and how his father worked for decades as a laborer, which his father basically earned the right for his family to move into their impudently home in Clybourne Park.They have come so far and worked so hard why turned it down, they have earned it, its only fare. Walter realizes and rediscovers his self-worth, self-esteem and self-esteem and he proves this when he said to Mr. Lindner that the sixth generation of our family in this country. He finally reclaims his personal pride, defends his familys historical right to be treated fairly in their country, and to protect his familys dignity. They both radiate the conditions that African Americans had to go through to get equality from discrimination and separatism.It was make pass that in both accounts of dreams that there was a time to strike and in both accounts that time was at once. Both the Youngers and black people of the Civil Rights achievement had one common dream hidd en by many mercenary desires dignity, equality, and mount. Dr. King said, I have a dream directly Walter Younger wants to make a business deal that could help him obtain dignity, equality, and progress for his family, and the insurance funds that Mama will get is a once-in-a-lifetime deal.A rare opportunity, that opens the door to propositions that could help his family acquire those qualities. Both Walter and Dr. King are telling their families and followers that the time for change is now and that change is a now or never deal. spot one was real and one was not, the desire, dreams, and struggles mentioned in the speech matched those of the novel perfectly. Martin Luther King and the characters of A Raisin In A Sun had the same ambitions, which included a better life for future generations, emission from the unfair living conditions of African-American citizens, and the importance on the urgency incumbent for making these dreams happen. Both pieces represented a fight, one f or a family, and one for a group of millions. As well as wars against inequality, injustice, and unfairness were won.Mama historically represents Rosa Parks because she acts as a leader through out the story.They both spoke up for what they believed in. Mama speaking up gave he courage and wisdom. The courage Rosa Parks had was when she got arrested for refusing to give up her topographic point on a segregated bus because of what she believe and in the tender rights. Just equal Mama when she stood up for her husband, when Walter Lee was not riding horse an example for his rights. She didnt not want him to take Mr. Lindner offer of money in exchange of his family not to moving in to its dream house in a white neighborhood because she believed in her and her familys rights. Therefore she also stood up for what she believes in and the human rights.The Great Migration was a flow in American history where blacks moved north to escape the Jim triumph laws and prejudice of the South. The civil rights movement brought enlightenment towards the abolishment of segregation laws. Although the laws are gone, one might ask, does segregation still exist? Yes it does but our segregation problems now arent just about race. Theyre about income too, and the nett of connections between what it means to be poor and a person of color in the city. Not only are people segregated by race and by income, meaning that people of color are potential to live with other people of color and poor people are same(p)ly to live with poor people. For example in East Harlem there isnt really any healthy places to eat just spry food and the supermarkets are pricy. If you were to go downtown were wealthy people live thru have a variety of healthy places to eat that is affordable as well as their supermarkets like Trader Joes. In todays guild one can agree with Walter Lee that life now is about money, t is now the rich vs. the poor.In the beginning of the play it mentions their dreams being deferred, which means their bank of full equality is postponed. What happens to a dream deferred?Does it juiceless up like a raisin in the sun? Langston Hughes wrote the poem, and Lorraine Hansberry was exhortd by both by the poem and by her own real-life experience to hold open ARaisin in the Sun. This play was the first play on Broadway that was create verbally by an African-American woman as well as the first African American to direct a play on Broadway. The play was inspired by Hansberrys own experience with racism and lodging discrimination. Her father was tried to buy a house in a white neighborhood much like the one in the play but he was blocked because in the 1950s African American could not get housing in good neighborhoods because of the color of their skin. They were still segregated, and many times they were treated violently. They were unable to find good gainful jobs as they were overlooked in favor of white people. Often times, they standard inadequate medica l care, and were made to wait for treatment in hospitals musical composition white folks got treatment first. As a child, Hansberrys family became one of the first to move into a white neighborhood.When their neighbors rebelled, both with threats of violence and effective action, the Hansberrys defended themselves Hansberrys father successfully brought his case all the way to the Supreme Court. Her father sued and won a partial victory in the US Supreme Court. Lorraine Hansberry used her play A Raisin In A Sun to tell people about her own life struggle with racism and female discrimination. Her play shows us her problems were handled with determination and a will to keep striving for her aim of becoming a writer. Langston Hughes anticipated such an uprising in his poem, just as Hansberry illustrated the effects of a dream deferred by the Youngers. Raisin answers the blend in line of Hughes poem Or does it explode? hence it did, and Raisin became a beacon for a changing nation.H ansberry was also the first black playwright as well as he youngest to win the new-sprung(prenominal) York Drama Critics Circle Award. Since then, the drama about a black familys dream to move into a white neighborhood in pre-civil-rights-era Chicago has been translated into 30 languages and has been continually produced in church basements, community halls, school auditoriums, and overlord theaters.A dream deferred is a dream put off to another time, each character from A Raisin in the Sun had a deferred dream, and their dreams become alter up like a raisin in the sun. Not just dreams are dried up though Walter Lee and Ruths married couple became dried up also. Their marriage was no monthlong of much importance, like a dream it was post-phoned and it became dry. Their struggle for happiness dried up because they had to thin all of their energies on surviving. Their needs seem no longerto be satisfied by each other. But they both saw a resolution in the insurance check arrivin g in the mail. The money would let Ruth fulfill her dream of owning her own house and leaving the apartment. currency seemed to get in the way of all of their dreams. It was the force that controlled their lives. The money is like the sun that leaves no choice to the grape but to dry up until a raisin never the less it does not mean that the raisin is no longer good, it is still sweet. Dreams are good to shoot for, but dont let them ruin your life trying to fulfill them (Robinson). At the end Ruth and Walter Lee reconcile because they still get laidd each other, Walter took her out a date to the movies, where they finally had some quality time. Ruth sees hope in their marriage as she describes her date to Beneatha Ruth we went to the movies. We went to the movies. You know the last time ma and Walter went to the movies together? Beneatha No. Ruth Me either. Thats how long its been (smiling again) but we went last night. The picture wasnt much good, but that didnt seem to matter. W e went and we held hands. (Act 1. impression 2.51) this shows that once Walter has control over money, he becomes much more affectionate with Ruth and that there is still love between them.Many dream in raisin in the sun were deferred like Beneathas dream of becoming a doctor and to save her race from ignorance. The first part of her dream may be deferred because of the money Walter loses. Her dream is also one deferred for all women. Beneatha lives in a time when society expects women to build homes rather than careers. In other words play the constituent of a housewife. Women were also discriminated around this time, women werent really admitted to medical school, same with law school, teachers and they were not even allow to sit in jury.Walters dream of owning his own business has been so long deferred and left festering of his family. The open sores of his deferred dream blind him to the consequences of his actions and to the ache he causes Mama Younger. after(prenominal) Wil ly Harris convinces Walter that investing in the liquor store is a great idea, Willy takes Walters money and runs. It is because of the thieving Willy Harris that Walters dream is deferred.The dream of owning your own business and having all the money you will ever need is a goal held by many in society, then and now. Walter Lee Younger becomes haunt with his dream of a business venture that will give him monetary and social independence, after getting and losing themoney that will help this dream become reality he realizes that pride and dignity are more important for him and his family. There are also many symbols in A Raisin In The Sun but one important symbol that represented dreams was Mamas plant. It was weak but resilient it represented her dream of living in a bigger house with a lawn. Whenever she tends to her plant, she symbolically shows her dedication to her dream.The first thing that Mama does in the morning as mention in the beginning of the play in Act 1 towards the ending of Scene 1 is that is that she goes to the window, opens it, and brings in a feeble little plant growing doggedly in a small pot on the window. The plant is just as important as her dream. Mama admits that the plant has never had enough sunshine but still survives. In other words, her dream has always been deferred but still remains strong. When Beneatha asks why Mama would want to keep that raggedy-looking old thing, Mama Younger replies It expresses me.(Actv2. Scene 3) At the end of the play, Mama decides to bring the plant with her to their new home. While it initially stands for her deferred dream, now, as her dream comes true, it reminds her of her strength in working and waiting for so many years.Her plant will also have a new home and beginning for it may now get more sunlight in its bigger home.In conclusion for all these reasons, A Raisin in the Sun is an ideal work to discuss in terms of the American dream. It shows how the admirable idea that everyone can achieve their ambitions if they work doesnt always stand up in the face of real life, and how people can redeem them as Walter Lee does when he refuses the buyout offer through righteous courage. Society in the 1959 was full of racial discrimination. Martin Luther King and Walter Lee both have the starvation to stop the desolation of discrimination. Hansberry, Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. all have inspiring stories and if they were still alive today they can see how far there dreams have come that has inspire many. Hughes asks whether a dream is deferred is like A Raisin In The Sun and he specifically asking whether a dream will dry up. Grapes in the South dry into raisins, but it never lose their sweetness, no matter how much they dry up.

No Place to call Home

No place to call Home Youre on your itinerary home from work or school and you stop at a red light. As you patiently wait for the light to glisten green you nonice someone walking in between the rows of cars. Its not the usual person whos always selling water and random fruits instead its a person in raggedy clothes holding a foretoken that reads Please help. Im homeless person written on a cardboard flap. instantaneously the question is what argon you handout to do? Will you reach into your bag and give this poor soul a donation or leave alone you retend to look for something in your car and act as though you depository financial institution see them?The sad truth is more than half of us would fulfill the second option without even realizing it. Homelessness has been around for a long time. No one seems to be doing allthing about it and its not because there isnt any way to fix it because there is we Just dont care enough to act on it. We could create more stabilized hom eless shelters improve the homeless organizations we progress to initiated, and expand and/or open up more Job opportunities for lot in these types of situations.Theres a big controversy with the way people descry the homeless. A lot of people believe that they are homeless cod to their own wrong-doings. Whether it is drugs, alcohol, gambling etc. which can be very lawful at times but that is not always the case. There are times when a person goes through a rough assemble in life. They couldVe gotten fired from their Job, lost their house, or Just recently got a divorce. These things can withal lead to homelessness. I suggest we put and lawsuit into the present day homeless shelters.We could create hybrid homeless shelter that is not only a place for them to eat and log Zs but doubles as a rehab center for those who set out any type of addiction. Society has created organizations for a variety of different social issues. almost have more of an impact than others, regardi ng those created for the homeless they have not do a grand impression and definitely indispensableness some improving. We need to make it broad and spread the word that everyone should donate.These organizations prevent the money from going directly to the homeless people and nsure that the money will go towards legal community and will not benefit their addictions in any way. The Job actor right now in the U. S is struggling and the employment target is down. Without Jobs there is no cash flow and people tend to ache their houses, cars, etc. That is what results in so many people living on the lanes. If we work to create more Jobs, or expand the Job opportunities we have now-a-days we can help homeless people off the streets due to the occurrence they will be earning a steady income and can get sand on their feet.By adjusting the system of homeless shelters, enhancing the corporations that help collect funds for the homeless, and also developing and/or establishing Job ope nings we could decrease the percentage of people experiencing how it feels to be homeless. It may take a great deal of time and effort but when the person you once say standing on the street begging for money now has a place to eat, a merchant ship to lie on, a place that they can call home, it is a commodious sense of accomplishment. No Place to call Home By natuhleeeex3

Ice cream

City it is in between CSS San Carols and Saint Dominic Parish. You crapper contact Emil Rome C. Calcium on 09332965701 for more reading interpret us on quartermasters. Gamma. Com 1. 2 We have chosen fusion as our business organization, in which two or more individuals manage to put to work the business. For having six members in this business it is easier and less expensive for us to address because there is mutual contribution by means of money and property.All assets contributed into the partnership are owned by the partnership. The profit and losses are equally divided. All partners are personally liable for all debts incurred by the partnership. Combines to each one partners special skills, expertise and experience for the business. 1. 3 Company Description For the conceptualization the set-up employees will clean the gillyflower and the furniture. Inside the kitchen, an employee is assigned to clean and fancy up the needed ingredients, kitchen equipment and utensils once everything is ready, employees are required to freshen-up and groom themselves for them to appear unobjectionable and presentable.For our closing, our employees are given 1 hour to clean the entire store and fix everything after the store hours. Our usual customers are children, students, teenagers, groups of friends who want to chill, professionals, and oldies who are young at heart. 1. 4 Top four Executive violence Abate, Maria Salve L. Pagan, Jerkin C. Tulips, Aka Marie S. Sacramento, Nikkei Jane R. Qualification Creativity and Innovation Develops new insights into situations questions ceremonious approaches encourages new ideas and innovations designs and implements new or cutting edge programs/processes.External Awareness Understands and keeps with-it on local, national, and international policies and trends that affect the organization and shape stakeholders views is aware of the organizations extend to on the external environment. Flexibility Is open to change and ne w information rapidly adapts to new information, changing conditions, or unexpected obstacles. Resilience Deals in effect with pressure remains optimistic and persistent, even under adversity.Recovers quickly from setbacks. strategical Thinking Formulates objectives and priorities, and implements plans consistent with the long- term interests of the organization in a worldwide environment. Capitalizes on opportunities and manages risks. Vision Takes a long-term view and builds a divided up quite a little with others acts as a catalyst for organizational change. Influences others to translate vision into action. 1. 5 Start up Schedule Name of Competitors Ice weft House 1. 6 Funds Needed

An Environmental Analysis Essay

An surroundingsal analysis of the constraints in both the host and lieu countries is of primal signifi whoremasterce in determining the conditions of the host market, thus giving the home country the option to adjust according to the conditions in the host country. at that place atomic number 18 several important situationors that should be considered in the environmental analysis, specifically of the host country, misfire, and of the home country, the United States of the States. The factors for both the host and home countries take on but atomic number 18 not curb to the political environment, the juridical and jural environments and the economic environment.The current political environment in the United States is primarily led by the Republi can buoy Party headed by President George W. Bush. However, the presidential elections are scheduled November this year where Senators Barack Obama and John McCain from the democratic and republican parties separately will repres ent their political affiliations and seek office in innocence House. Americas structure of political sympathies is a representative res publica and the system of government is a federal republic where there are contiguous republics.On the other hand, the legal environment in America is essentially pegged on the countrys system of governance. That is, the laws of the country are created by the bicameral Congress composed of the House of Representatives and the Senate, apart from the state and topical anaesthetic laws created by the state and local levels of the government. The judicial system is basically comp arisingd of the lower federal courts and Supreme Court which is the ultimate arbiter of the American laws. There are alike appellate courts where cases can be filed for supplication and where decisions can be overturned depending on the merit of the case filed.In general, business in the United States in the context of the legal and judicial systems is healthy as there is a very minimal government control of the market, key private players in the saving are inclined the freedom to decide for themselves on a micro level as far as the market is concerned, and some of the laws are created to actually surrogate foreign and local trades. The United States economy has juvenilely encountered a major(ip) set pole primarily in the stock market, thus becoming a major cause of concern for the local corporations operating in the local economy.Nevertheless, the U. S. Federal Reserve System has been consistent in adjusting the inte remain pass judgment so as to resolve the problem and bring the economy back on its feet (Guha, 2008, p. 9). On the other hand, the host country, Turkey, is nonetheless a regional power with influence reaching Europe, the Caucasus and beyond, and whose extremityship in the European fan tan is a key step towards becoming a full member of the European Union (Mooradian, 1995, p. 3). scarce even though there retain been significan t advancements in the economy of Turkey in more recent years, the country cannot consider itself a true democracy since it does not jump the freedoms of speech and expression (Angacian, 2004, p. 3). The country has been under military machine rule, and that there consume been previous business threats from the ruling government aimed at France and Canada after the both latter countries recognized the Armenian Genocide.After both countries recognized the genocide, the Turkish government implemented a boycott in French wines and textiles as well as a boycott on Canadian products and enforce changes in the business contracts entered into by Canada with Turkey. Two of these changed contracts are contracts worth some $335 million and one that is close to a billion dollars worth of investments (Angacian, 2004, p. 3). But even though there are ostracise sides to the history of Turkey, it can hardly be denied that the countrys economy has been on the rise in more recent times.In 200 4, Turkeys economy has posted an eight percent growth with inflation evaluate drop down to single digits. However, the recent developments in the country have easily diminished its chances of joining the European Union as Turkey has become the primary culprit in the Unions livelihood as Turkey has become a nation stealing manufacturing work plot delivering an influx of indigent job-seekers (Goodman, 2005, p.D. 01). on the positive side, the home country, United States, can opt to venture into the rising industries in Turkey given the fact that the production costs in Turkey such as work force is lower than its neighboring countries. Since the goods of the country primarily find their way to the rest of occidental Europe, the advantage is that the investing foreign company has little to bewilder about production cost and market reach.On the other hand, the negative side of the market environment in Turkey is that the interest rates in credit are high, thereby resulting to hig her prices of products which also results to limited exportation and new investments. Thus, it is significant for the company to consider relying on its not bad(p) resources rather than investing by fiscal borrowing as doing the diametric will most certainly result to higher prices of products manufactured.Moreover, it appears that the business environment in Turkey is not entirely friendly when the context of military rule is solely considered. In more recent years, Turkey has also experienced a steady growth in its technology sphere of influence although a large par of the country remains agri cultural. The apparent salmagundi in culture, especially the Kurds and Turks, has resulted to differences in access in technology among the state as most Kurds are situated in the outskirts of the country.Some cultural considerations that should be addressed are the variations in the local purchases of goods depending on the financial capabilities of the local residents as well as the p rospect of export in Western Europe where more cultural varieties are present, the strategies molded from the cultural context in Turkey and the leadership style of the company unavoidable to address the economic and political concerns faced by the country and its people.ReferencesAngacian, S.(2004). The tyrannic Democracy of Turkey. Armenian Reporter International, 36(48) 3. Goodman, P. S. (2005). Turkeys Evolving Economy terra firma Ties its Fortune Closer to Global Trade, Putting Pressure on Western Europe. The Washington Post D. 01. Guha, K. (2008). Blowing in the Wind America Braces Itself for the lay on the line of a Second Dip. Financial Times 9. Mooradian, M. (1995). Political AnalysisTurkey A Regional Power. Armenian Reporter International, 29(12) 3

Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Essay

cognitive psychology is the study of intellectual processes surrounding learning, memory, perception, and thought. Though it is still a relatively new rebrinysal branch of psychology, its roots extend brook to Descartes who sought a way to inform how the musical theme worked, proposing the analogy of a hydraulic system of nerve function (Willingham, 2007, p. 26) after he discover animated statues in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. It has been the restless pursuit of not only the head of how the approximation works simply also what exactly constituted the understanding that eventu eachy led to the assembleations of cognitive theory. As psychologists examined how mental processes produced appearance, it was evident a different approach would be needed. Cognitive psychology developed in the main from the inability of the carriageist approach to fully explain every form of demeanour. While there were umpteen things that drove its development, there were four main milestones in the development of cognitive psychology the inadequacies of conductism, the information processing sample and reckoner metaphor, soppy intelligence, and neuroscience.Each of these four milestones contributed signifi lottly to the search for a better model and the development of the cognitive approach, which we have today. behaviourism had many shortfalls with its primary one being that it excluded the effect of genetics entirely. It only accounted for what had been wise to(p) finished reward and penalty only. Questions were raised and answers were missing when examining the question through the lens of behavioristic psychology only. One bea where ethologists observed discrepancies were in fixed-action patterns and diminutive periods in animals. Fixed-action patterns were behaviors that received little to no reward or punishment in which the animals engaged in and critical period referred to a proper(postnominal) period of time in which if a behavior has not been learned, it may never be able to be learned. Another area in which behaviorism could not provide consistent answers was in wrangle acquisition. Behaviorism posited that language was learned or imitated as modeled by individual else. However, there were points that the behaviorist purview did not address.First, learning firenot account forthe rapid rate children acquire language. Second, there are an infinite number of sentences and all cannot be learned by imitation. Next, children consistently make errors in things equal verb tense. Since adults usually use correct form, this would not be learned by imitation. And last, children acquire their language skills even if adults do not correct their sentence structure (Language and Cognition, 2013). These points show there must be other explanations such as innate language skills to further explain the acquisition of language. These points seemed best explained by the cognitive perspective using theories, such as innate language centers. The second milestone, the information processing model, was very influential in travel closer to a cognitive approach through the computer metaphor. at that place were many attempts to find a way to explain how the mind worked, including a switchboard and solenoids but these did not fully explain how the mental processes (Willingham, 2007). In the computer analogy, the brain was give carened to the hardware of a computer and thought processes were likened to computer software.The mind is like a computer draws the connection amongst the gossip we receive from our environment to the mental processes that leads to the output of behavior. This analogy was revolutionary in the way psychologists studied the mine and led to the information processing model. With this model, psychologists began to remove questions about and use the scientific method to look at how the mind processed input resulting in behavior, instead of only the behavior itself. hokey intelligence was the third milesto ne and is defined as the ability of a computer or other machine to perform those activities that are unremarkably thought to require intelligence (Artificial intelligence, n.d.). In the 1950s, an artificial intelligence weapons platform was developed by Allen Newell and Herb Simon that proved theorems in formal system of logic using abstract constructs and representations. This A.I. program demonstrated sophisticated behavior, it solve problems similarly to how humans solved them, and it use abstract constructs (Willingham, 2007).Through the artificial intelligence, it became apparent to researchers that the human mind processed information much like a computer, using representations and processes and this approach could help give deeper insight into the processes of the mind and the resulting behavior. The last main milestone, neuroscience, is a branch (as neurophysiology) of science that deals with the anatomy, physiology,biochemistry, or molecular(a) biology of nerves and ner vous tissue and especially their relation to behavior and learning (m-w.com, n.d.). The focus is on the brain and its impact on behavior as well as habitual cognitive functions and the impact on the nervous system resulting from neurological, psychological, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuroscience began to show a clear connection between behavior and particularised structures of the brain. This connection revealed the biological side of behavior that could not be ignored. Studying behavior from this aspect allows a clear ascertain of a how disorders affect the brain itself initiating behavior and can be compared to normal behavior to gain greater perspective.Observation of an individuals behavior is important as it is an indicator and reflective of what is transpiring within the mental processes. The whole of an individuals behavior is found neither by placard only or an examination of ones thoughts only, but a combination of the two. The observance of behavior affords cog nitive psychologists the ability to bear witness and evaluate theories about behaviors and the hypotheses developed from them. Self-reporting can present errors that can be confirmed or rejected through the use of behavioral observation tested using empirical means. Additionally, cognitive psychologists cannot personally observe and broadsheet internal mental processes but in utilizing behavioral observation, the cognitive psychologist can arrive at logical conclusions of the existence of the behavior based on the observation of the behavior. In using the accepted standard of behavioral procedures, cognitive psychologists are able to examine the cognitive processes thought to be the acknowledgment without inferring unproven causes (Zentall, 2002).This removes much of the subjectivity that initially made the cognitive perspective suspect. Cognitive psychology developed the framework to test theories and further explain behavior using behavioral observation. Using the scientific me thod, the theory predicts the behavior to be expected if the said theory is provable. There are several(prenominal) tempos to take in order to this. First, develop alternative theories by having at least two possibilities to select from when testing the hypothesis. Second, derive specific predictions for each theory by providing a bridge between the discernible and unobservable in order to accurately confirm or disprove. And lastly, the compiling of sufficient data by which to compare the theories to validate both the methods and theresults. enquiry methods that are employed using behavioral observation to test cognitive theories are descriptive research, relational research, and experimental research. Descriptive research consists of naturalistic observation, case studies, and self-reporting, all of which are describing a behavior as found in the world (Willingham, 2007, p. 43).Relational research is much like its denote in that it is observing two or more behaviors and discer ning how they are related. Experimental research is testing what has been observed and determining if the theory can be confirmed or disproved using the scientific method. Using nonsubjective research methods, for example, there are an increasing number of cognitive models of misgiving disorders that seek to provide a complex integrative view of their underlie cognitive processes and structures (Eysenk, 2004). The study of cognitive psychology has been a critical step toward understanding how behavior develops. It has opened the doors to increased research that is measureable and theories that could be through empirical observation tested to confirm or disprove cognitive theories.This has granted us numerous insights into the connections between the brain and behavior and continues to be a tooth root of learning. Additionally, it has had positive impacts on behavioral treatments as shown by Eysenk, some of the theoretical and empirical contributions emerging from the cognitive approach have direct implications for remediation interventions (Eysenk, 2004). In the end, the ability to form and research theories has brought these two fields of behaviorism and cognitive perspective together through an understanding of the connection between observable behavior and mental processes. It has paved the way for artificial intelligence, which is used in almost every discipline, and neuroscience and promises to continue to improve treatments and shed visible radiation on behavior.

Italian Unification between 1815-1848 Essay

To what extent is it professedly to say that at that place was short no relocation or outlook of Italian uniting betwixt 1815-1848?Between the years 1818 and 1848 thither were many a nonher(prenominal) revolutions in Italy starting in the year 1821. The argumentation above states abruptly no grounds or prospect, thusly I strongly protest with this due to the particular that there essential have been nearly dejection to achieve what Italy were finally able to. The following testify will assign different points on the narration.In my opinion, I do not check up on with the statement, unitary main reason universe there were enough tribe in Italy that wanted it to be unified and that fought for what they weighd in. For example the secret societies. During the clock Italy was under the ruling of Metternich, many secret societies were formed, with passwords, mutual protection and sometimes even semi-religious rituals. The Carbonari, the most well k in a flashn so ciety and so thus the most important. There were approximately 60,000 members involved, and it was particularly active in sec Italy, especially in Naples. There aims were relatively mild, in Piedmont and Naples for example they hoped to try out a constitutional monarchy. It is already possible to see that there was some apparent faeces in Italy from secret societies that were hoping for Italian Unification.Another reason I disagree with the statement is due to Italy being under the ruling of Metternich. Although it was effortful living under the Austrians, and they were distinctly putting an obstacle in the sort of labor union, I believe that it was actually a large contribution to the incident of unification. For example, due to Metternich trying to belittle the country by separating it into small constituencies, it make the Italian public want to fight back, and therefore as a consequence start revolutions. Three major revolutions occurred in Italy in the years, 1820-2 1, 1831-32, 1848-49. I believe this proves that things were being done to help unification rather than there being absolutely no movement.Additionally there is Giuseppe Mazzini, who is give tongue to to be a key figure in the history of Italian Unification. Mazzini was born in 1805, he had one overriding aim being the brotherhood of people. He believed in the equality of human beings and of races. In 1831, Mazzini founded Young Italy, this being Italys first real political party. Mazzini exposit the party as, a brotherhood of Italians who believe in a rightfulness offreemen and equals. Those in the party had to swear to commit themselves to make Italy one free, independent, republican nation.Mazzinis ideas were incredibly radical for that check of time, for example, his ideal was that the people should encouragement up agains their oppressors, there should be unification from below. Eventually there was unification however it came much from above. Yet Mazzini proves once again that there was movement and prospect towards Italian unification, Young Italy being another example. Although Mazzini may not have been successful at that precise moment, we can now see that unification was actually r from each oneed.Linking to my preceding point, it has been proven that Mazzini was not only noteworthy for his radical beliefs but also for converting people to the cause. This point firstly proves that some movement was being made in the form of attracting people to the repugn that was Italian unification, but furthermore, proves further movement in the fact that there must have been an incredible number of supporters that were in favour of unification, and therefore plans must have been made to try and succeed.Finally, by seeing that Italian Unification was attained eventually, we can ultimately say that there must have been enough movement and enough prospect for the aim to be successful. For these reasons, i disagree with the statement To what extent is it true to say that there was absolutely no movement or prospect of Italian Unification between 1815-1848?On the other hand, there are many events from this period of time that may agree with the statement previously specified. For example, after the cut revolution, Metternich reinstated the previous monarchs of each constituency. Most of the monarchs were reactionary and therefore there was a large obstacle blocking the path to unification. Being such a large predicament, one can assume that there was absolutely no movement.In addition, the lack of progress that went into uniting the country through words may have been seen as lacking and therefore lead ones opinions to believe once again no progress was being made.Furthermore, even with the limitless revolutions that were attempted not one succeeded permanently. So, although this particular example goes against there being absolutely no movement, due to the fact there was clearly movement in the form of revolutions, it does agree howev er with there being no prospect of unification, seeing as every individual revolution from each specific country failed inevitably. This was in consequence of the Austrians suppressing the revolutions and then re inviting the previous leaders to come and transform the constituence to the way it had previously been.Following this, it is now possible to appreciate the separation between the North and South of Italy. The Federal half containing the wealthier half of the population, whilst the Southern half being populated with the poorer families. collect to this large partition, it is hard to see any prospect in Italian Unification and therefore one can easily agree with the statement above.In relation to the previous point is the division of the Apennine Mountains. In those times, the Apennine Mountains were very much the back bone of Italy, until it was partitioned into North-East and South-West by Metternich. It is understood that without a back bone, a body would be unable to s tand, hence the fact that without the Apennine Mountains it would be incredibly challenging for the population of Italy to achieve the prospect of unification.Overall, one can see that there are many justifications for both sides of this argument. Although from this essay it seems the statement is in fact true, I strongly disagree. Understanding that there may be proof to support the statement, at the end of the daytime Italian Unification was achieved, and therefore it is impossible to say that there was absolutely no movement because the aim was fulfilled and therefore some movement must have taken place.In conclusion, I disagree with the statement to what extent is it true to say that there was absolutely no movement or prospect of Italian Unification between 1815-1848 because this declaration clearly states that there was absolutely no movement towards Italian Unification between those years, yet unification was completed, thus whether there was a lot of movement, or in some ca se a little, there was undoubtedly more than none, and for this reason I forcefully disagree with the statement.

Budweiser Essay

budweiser Lager was first brewed in 1876 by E. Anhe phthisisr & Co., St. Louis. Today, AnheuserBusch is the largest brewer in the world in terms of volume, and it competes across a diverse clip of markets. The company oversees more than 30 different beer brands, including the domestic market loss leader Budweiser, a number of other alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, a convocation of theme parks, and a real estate enterpriseWhile retaining its create from raw material traditions, the company has adopted new technological traditions that improve its business and market effectiveness. In 1997, chairman August Busch III vowed to make his company a leader in mining its customers buying patterns. The key to Anheuser-Buschs real time analysis of marketing effectiveness is timely info getting study back from wholesalers and retailers on what is selling where and when. Wholesaler and workshop-level data has become the lifeblood of our organization, express Joe Patti, Anheusers v ice president for retail planning and category management.Therefore, Anheuser-Busch created BudNET to yoke to wholesalers, retailers, and other AnheuserBusch business partners. The system handles sales reporting, customer development, retail promotional material notices, and weekly sales forecasting, as well as a across-the-board array of logistics-related functions. BudNET is the information channel for an Anheuser-Busch system called WEARS (Wholesaler Equity Agreement coverage System). Through BudNET, the delivery population of the 700 U.S. distributors of Budweiser can become the eyes and ears of the brewer. WEARS and BudNET do much more than just keep tabs on the flow if icy-cold Bud off retailers refrigerated shelves.Using portable transaction computers, the delivery people withal log data on computing harvest-feasts, identifying what else is on the retailers shelves. At the end of the day, Anheuser-Busch gets the data and looks for trends. If Anheuser-Busch loses shelf space in a store in ClarksVille, Tennessee, they k like a shot it right away, said Joe Thompson, president of Independent crapulence Group, a research and consulting firm. Theyre better at this game than anyone, all the same Coca-Cola.Understanding consumers means more than just gathering data on your own product or on your competitors product. Anheuser-Busch also analyzes syndicated bar-code scan data gathered by Information Resources Inc. (IRI), to track consumer acquire behavior across a full range of products. Anheuser-Busch successfully launched low-carb Michelob radical after seeing data on consumer shifts in dietary habits in other food groups. Timely, fine-grain data also help Anheuser-Buschs marketing and product assortment. With store-level data, the company can create targeted marketing materials. For example, gay models await on posters in San Franciscos Castro district, but not on those in the Mission district. Better data also help predict topical anesthetic sales during holidays, such as knowing that Atlantans celebrate Fourth of July more than St. Patricks Day.Anheuser-Busch know where cans sell better than bottles (blue-collar neighborhoods), and helped the company launch a range of Latin-inspired beverages such as Tequiza and Sauza Diablo for the growing Hispanic market.Anheuser-Busch uses a physique of internal and external data sources including consumer demographics, POS, and market data to guide product assortment decisions. AnheuserBusch uses the six-step, industry-standard best practice called Efficient Item Assortment (EIA) that is promulgated by the Food Marketing Institute. Software, co-developed with an outside software vendor, creates a top-tine procure assortment product list for individual stores and store clusters. This tool won a Technology Leadership Award from Consumer Goods Technology (CGT) magazine.Anheuser-Buschs use of IT is international. Budexchange.co.uk, hosted on BudNET, tracks key data and sales of 5,000 Br itish outlets. The system rewards the faithfulness of trade customers with Budweiser-branded support materials. Anheuser-Busch uses the data provided by the outlets in its proactive segmental marketing communications program. In a market in which boilers suit sales are down 5.7 percent, Budweiser sales are up 7 percent. Anheuser-Busch continues to expand its use of datalinks, using its market clout to improve data gathering and data sharing. August Busch IV, president tor domestic operations, promised that brewers and wholesalers with a clear, data-driven focalise will have a distinct competitive advantage. Market conduct data confirm the success of the companys strategy Anheuser-Busch now commands 50.1 percent at the market in 2003, up from 48.9 percent in 2002.

Customer-Driven Strategic Marketing

Chapter 1 Customer-Driven Strategic trade Lecture Outline I. specify merchandising We define merchandise as the work on of creating, distributing, promoting, and de edgeine goods, services, and ideas to avail come acrossing convince races with guests and to get around and maintain favorable relationships with stakeholders in a dynamic environment. A . selling Focuses on Customers 1 . As the purchasers of the productions that governments scram, promote, distribute, and wrong, customers are the focal point of both market activities. 2 .The essence of trade is to develop satisfying exchanges from which both customers and marketers benefit. 3 . Organizations generally focus their make outing efforts on a specific group of customers, or target market. B . Marketing Deals with harvestings, Distribution, Promotion, and Price 1. Marketing is more than simply advertising or selling a product it involves developing and managing a product, making the product useab le in the right place and at a price acceptable to buyers, and communicating information to help customers determine if the product go out satisfy their inevitably. 2.These activitiesproduct, distribution, promotion, and pricingare known as the merchandise change integrity in because marketers decide what type of each element to use and in what amounts. 3. The Product inconstant a )The product variable of the trade rumple allots with researching customers assumes and pauperizations and designing a product that satisfies them. b )A product screw be a good, a service, or an idea. ( 1 )Gooda physical entity ( 2 )Servicethe application of human and mechanical efforts to the great unwashed or objects to permit intangible benefits to customers ( 3 )Ideaconcept, philosophy, image, or issue c )The product variable admits the innovation or modification of brand names and packaging. It may likewise embarrass decisions regarding warranty and repair services. d )Product v ariable decisions and relate activities are burning(prenominal) because they directly impact the institution of products that meet customers needs and wants. 4. The Distribution Variable In dealing with the distribution variable, a market manager makes products available in the quantities desired to as many target market customers as possible, keeping total inventory, transportation, and storage costs as low as possible. . The Promotion Variable The promotion variable relates to activities used to inform undivideds or groups about an organization and its products. a)Promotion ignore be aimed at change magnitude usual awareness of an organization and mod or existing products. b) Promotional activities give the sack also educate customers about product features or urge spate to take a particular stance on a governmental or social issue. 6. The Price Variable a)The price variable relates to decisions and actions associated with establishing pricing objectives and policies a nd determining product prices. )Price is a critical component of the selling mix because customers are concerned about the value obtained in an exchange. 7. Marketing mix variables are often viewed as controllable because they can be circumscribed however, economic conditions, competitive structure, or government regulations may limit a merchandising managers influence. C . Marketing Builds Relationships with Customers and Other Stakeholders 1. Individuals and organizations rent in market to drive on exchangesthat is, the provision or transfer of goods, services, or ideas in return for something of value. 4 .Four conditions must exist for an exchange to conk a)Two or more individuals, groups, or organizations must participate, and each must feature something of value desired by the other ships guild. b)The exchange should provide a benefit or satisfaction to both parties involved in the transaction. c)Each party must wee-wee confidence in the promise of the something of value held by the other. d)To build trust, the parties to the exchange must meet expectations. 5 . An exchange go away non necessarily take place just because these conditions exist market activities can occur even without an actual transaction or sale.Figure 1. 2 depicts the exchange process. 6. Marketing activities should attempt to effect and maintain satisfying exchange relationships. 7 . Marketers are also concerned with building relationships with relevant stakeholders who have a stake, or claim, in some aspect of a go withs products, operations, markets, indus sift, and outcomes these may include customers, employees, investors and shareholders, suppliers, governments, communities, and many others. D . Marketing Occurs in a Dynamic Environment . The merchandising environment, which includes competitive, economic, legal and regulatory, technological, and socio-cultural forces, surrounds the customer and actuates the marketing mix as shown in Figure 1. 1. 2. The forces of the marketing environment affect a marketers ability to facilitate exchanges in lead ways a)They affect customers lifestyles, standards of living, and preferences and needs for products. b)They help determine whether and how a marketing manager can perform certain marketing activities. )They affect a marketing managers decisions and actions by influencing buyers reactions to the organizations marketing mix. 3. Marketing environment forces can fluctuate quickly and dramatically. 4. Changes in the marketing environment produce uncertainty for marketers and at times hurt marketing efforts, but they also create opportunities. 5. Marketing mix elementsproduct, distribution, promotion, and priceare factors over which an organization has control the forces of the environment, however, are subject to far less(prenominal) control. II.Understanding the Marketing Concept A. According to the marketing concept, an organization should try to provide products that satisfy customers needs throu gh a coordinated set of activities that also allows the organization to achieve its finishings. 1. Customer satisfaction is the major focus of the marketing concept. a)To implement the marketing concept, an organization focuses on customer analysis, competitor analysis, and integration of the organizations resources to provide customer value and satisfaction, as puff up as long-term moolahs. )The organization must also continue to alter, adapt, and develop products to keep pace with customers changing desires and preferences. 8 . The marketing concept is non a second definition of marketing. It is a management philosophy command an organizations overall activities. 9 . It is weighty for marketers to consider not only current buyers needs, but also the long-term needs of society. B. development of the Marketing Concept 1. The Production Orientation )During the second half of the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution was in full swing in the coupled States. b)As a re sult of new technology and new ways of use labor, products poured into the marketplace, where consumer demand for the new manufactured goods was strong. 2. The Sales Orientation a)Between the mid mid-twenties and the archeozoic 1950s, businesspeople viewed sales as the major subject matter of increasing profits. b)During this era, businesspeople believed that the major marketing activities were personal selling, advertising, and distribution. 3.The Marketing Orientation a)By the early 1950s, some businesspeople recognized they must first determine what customers want and then produce it, rather than make products and try to persuade customers that they need what is produced. b)A marketing orientation requires the organization-wide generation of market intelligence pertaining to current and future tense customer needs, dissemination of the intelligence across departments, and organization-wide responsiveness to it. c)Today, businesses want to satisfy customers and build meaning ful, long-term buyer-seller relationships.C. Implementing the Marketing Concept To implement the marketing concept, a marketing-oriented organization must accept some general conditions and recognize and deal with several problems. 1. Management must first establish an information establishment to discover customers real needs and then use the information to create satisfying products. 2. To satisfy customers objectives as well as its own, a company must also coordinate all its activities. III. Managing Customer Relationships A.Achieving the full profit potential of each customer relationship should be the fundamental goal of every marketing strategy. 1. At the about basic level, profits can be obtained through relationships in the following ways a)By acquiring new customers b)By enhancing the profitability of existing customers c)By extending the duration of customer relationships 2. Implementing the marketing concept means optimizing the exchange relationshipthe relationship bet ween a companys financial investment in customer relationships and the return generated by customers doing to that investment.B. The term relationship marketing refers to long-term, mutually beneficial arrangements in which both the buyer and seller focus on value provement through the creation of more satisfying exchanges. 1. Relationship marketing continually deepens the buyers trust in the company, and as the customers confidence grows, this in turn increases the organizations understanding of the customers needs. 10 . Eventually this interaction becomes a solid relationship that allows for cooperation and mutual dependence. C.Customer-centric marketing requires developing collaborative relationships with customers ground on focusing on their individual needs and concerns. 1. It adopts the view that customers buy offerings which provide value and prefer a relationship rather than a transactional orientation. 2. Collaborating with and learning from customers leads to a sense and respond approach rather than a produce and sell approach. D. Customer relationship management (CRM) uses information about customers to create marketing strategies which develop and harbour desirable customer relationships. 1.By increasing customer value over time, organizations try to retain and increase long-term profitability through customer loyalty. 2. Managing customer relationships requires identifying patterns of buying behavior and using that information to focus on the most promising and profitable customers. IV. Value-Driven Marketing A. To manage customer relationships, organizations must develop marketing mixes that create value for customers. Value is a customers subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs in determining the value of a product (customer value = customer benefits customer costs). . Customer benefits include anything a buyer receives in an exchange. 2. Customer costs include anything a buyer must give up to obtain the benefits provided by the product. cost include the monetary price of the product as well as less obvious nonmonetary costs, such as time and effort. B. The process people use to determine the value of a product is not super scientific. C. In developing marketing activities, it is important to recognize that customers receive benefits based on their experiences. D. The marketing mix can be used to enhance perceptions of value. V. Marketing ManagementA. Marketing management is the process of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling marketing activities to facilitate effective and efficient exchanges. 1. Effectiveness is the degree to which an exchange helps achieve an organizations objectives. 2. Efficiency refers to minimizing the resources an organization must spend to achieve a specific level of desired exchanges. B. Planning is a systematic process of assessing opportunities and resources, determining marketing objectives, and developing marketing strategy and plans for implementation and control.C. Organizing marketing activities involves developing the internal structure of the marketing unit. D. Proper implementation of marketing plans hinges on coordination of marketing activities, motivation of marketing personnel, and effective communication deep down the unit. E. The marketing control process consists of establishing operation standards, comparing actual performance with established standards, and reducing the difference between desired and actual performance. VI. The splendour of Marketing in Our Global deliveryA. Marketing Costs Consume a Sizable Portion of Buyers Dollars 1. About one-half of a buyers dollar goes to the costs of marketing. 2. Because marketing expenses consume significant portions of each dollar, it is important to know how this money is used. B. Marketing Is Used in Nonprofit Organizations 1. Marketing is also important in organizations working to achieve goals other than ordinary business objectives such as profit. 2. Government agenc ies engage in marketing activities to fulfill missions and goals. . In the private sector, nonprofit organizations also employ marketing activities to create, distribute, promote, and even price programs that benefit particular segments of society. C. Marketing Is Important to melodic phrase and the Economy 1. Businesses must sell products to survive and grow, and marketing activities help sell their products. 2. Marketing activities help produce profits which are essential to the selection of individual businesses and the health and ultimate survival of the global economy. D.Marketing Fuels Our Global Economy 1. Profits from marketing products contribute to the development of new products and technologies. 2. Advances in technology, along with falling political and economic barriers, and the universal desire for a higher(prenominal) standard of living, have made marketing across national borders customary while stimulating global economic growth. E. Marketing Knowledge Enhances Consumer knowingness 1. The study of marketing allows a more effective assessment of a products value and flaws. 2.An understanding of marketing enables evaluation of nonindulgent measures (such as laws, regulations, and industry guidelines) which could stop unfair, damaging, or unethical marketing practices. F. Marketing Connects People through Technology 1. New technology, especially technology related to computers and telecommunications, helps marketers understand and satisfy more customers than ever before. 2. The Internet is a critical tool for marketing to consumers and other businesses. G. Socially Responsible Marketing can Promote the Welfare of Customers and Society 1.The success of our economic system depends on marketers whose values promote trust and cooperative relationships in which customers are tempered with respect. 2. By managing concern about the impact of marketing on society, a organization can protect the interests of the general public and the natural enviro nment. H. Marketing Offers Many Exciting Career Prospects 1. From 25 to 33 percent of all civilian workers in the U. S. perform marketing activities. 2. Whether a person earns a living through marketing activities or performs them voluntarily in non-business projects, marketing knowledge and skills are valuable assets.